Functions

Example
 int max(int a, int b); int max(int a, int b){
return a>b?a:b;
void main(){ }
int x;
x = max(5,8);
x = max(x,7);
}
 Void main()
 {
 Int a, b=8,c=4;//global variable
 c=a+b;
 Printf(“%d”,c)

//user defined function

int max(int a, int b)//local variable
{
return a>b?a:b;
}

 }
Void main()
{
char dept[5] = “CSE”; //global variable to declare a string
//functions
int csc183_A() {}
int csc183_B() {}
int csc183_C() {}
int csc183_D() {}

int csc183_E(int numofstudent) {

Numofstudent = 30;
}

int csc183_F(int numofstd)

{
numofstd=17;//local
}
}
int run() int run(int a, int b)
{ {
printf(“Today the weather is return(a+b);
very unpleasant”); }
return 0;
}
 A function receives zero or more parameters, performs a
specific task, and returns zero or one value.
 A function is invoked by its name and parameters.
– No two functions have the same name in your C program.
– The communication between the function and invoker is
through the parameters and the return value.
 A function is independent:
– It is “completely” self-contained.
– It can be called at any places of your code and can be ported
to another program.
 Functions make programs reusable and readable.
Void main()
{
int a,b;//access
int func1(int a, int b){printf(a)}
int func2(){……….}
}
 Syntax
 Function Prototype:
return_type function_name (type1 name1, type2 name2,
..., typen namen);

 Function Definition:
return_type function_name (type1 name1, type2 name2,
...,typen namen)
{
....statements...
}

The parameters
 Some Examples
 Function Prototype Examples
double squared (double number);
void print_report (int);
int get _menu_choice (void);
 Function Definition Examples void parameter list means
double squared (double number) it takes no parameters
{
return (number * number);
}

void print_report (int report_number)

{
if (report_nmber == 1)
printf(“Printer Report 1”);
else
printf(“Not printing Report 1”); return type void means
} it returns nothing
#include <stdio.h>

int addNumbers(int a, int b);

Example
// function prototype

int main()
{
int n1,n2,sum;

printf("Enters two numbers: ");

scanf("%d %d",&n1,&n2);

sum = addNumbers(n1, n2); // function call

printf("sum = %d",sum);

return 0;
}

int addNumbers(int a,int b) // function definition

{
int result;
 Passing Arguments
 Arguments are passed as in Java and Pascal
 Function call:
func1 (a, b, c);
 Function header
int func1 (int x, int y, int z)
– Each argument can be any valid C expression that has a value:
– For example:
x = func1(x+1,func1(2,3,4),5);
 Parameters x y z are initialized by the value of a b c
 Type conversions may occur if types do not match.
 Parameters are Passed by Value
 All parameters are #include<stdio.h>
passed by value!! int twice(int x)
{
– This means they are
x=x+x;
basically local variables
return x;
initialized to the values
}
that the function is called
int main()
with.
{
– They can be modified as
int x=10,y;
you wish but these
y=twice(x);
modifications will not be
printf("%d,%d\n",x,y);
seen in the calling routine!
}
 Returning a Value
 To return a value from a C function you must explicitly
return it with a return statement.
 Syntax:

return <expression>;

– The expression can be any valid C expression that resolves to

the type defined in the function header.
– Type conversion may occur if type does not match.
– Multiple return statements can be used within a single function
(eg: inside an “if-then-else” statement…)
 Local Variables
 Local Variables

int func1 (int y)

{
int a, b = 10;
float rate;
double cost = 12.55;
.......
}

 Those variables declared “within” the function are considered “local

variables”.
 They can only be used inside the function they were declared in, and
not elsewhere.
 A Simple Example
#include <stdio.h>
int x=1; /* global variable - bad! */
void demo(void);
void main() {
int y=2; /* local variable to main */
printf ("\nBefore calling demo(), x = %d and y = %d.",x,y);
demo();
printf ("\nAfter calling demo(), x = %d and y = %d.\n",x,y);
}
void demo () {
int x = 88, y =99; /* local variables to demo */
printf ("\nWithin demo(), x = %d and y = %d.",x,y);
}
 Function with no arguments and no return value

Types
Function with no arguments and a return value
 Function with arguments and no return value
 Function with arguments and a return value.
#include <stdio.h>

void checkPrimeNumber();

int main()
{
checkPrimeNumber(); // no argument is passed to prime()
return 0;
}

// return type of the function is void becuase no value is returned from the function
void checkPrimeNumber()
{
int n, i, flag=0;

printf("Enter a positive integer: ");

scanf("%d",&n);

for(i=2; i <= n/2; ++i)

{
if(n%i == 0)
{
flag = 1;
}
}
if (flag == 1)
#include <stdio.h>

Function with no arguments and a return value

int getInteger();

int main()
{
int n, i, flag = 0;

// no argument is passed to the function

// the value returned from the function is assigned to n
n = getInteger();

for(i=2; i<=n/2; ++i)

{
if(n%i==0){
flag = 1;
break;
}
}

if (flag == 1)
printf("%d is not a prime number.", n);
else
printf("%d is a prime number.", n);

return 0;
}

// getInteger() function returns integer entered by the user

int getInteger()
{
int n;

printf("Enter a positive integer: ");

 Function with arguments and no return value
#include <stdio.h>
void checkPrimeAndDisplay(int n);

int main()
{
int n;

printf("Enter a positive integer: ");

scanf("%d",&n);

// n is passed to the function

checkPrimeAndDisplay(n);

return 0;
}

// void indicates that no value is returned from the function

void checkPrimeAndDisplay(int n)
{
int i, flag = 0;

for(i=2; i <= n/2; ++i)

{
if(n%i == 0){
flag = 1;
break;
}
}
if(flag == 1)
printf("%d is not a prime number.",n);
else
int main()
{ Function with arguments and a return value.
int n, flag;

printf("Enter a positive integer: ");

scanf("%d",&n);

// n is passed to the checkPrimeNumber() function

// the value returned from the function is assigned to flag variable
flag = checkPrimeNumber(n);

if(flag==1)
printf("%d is not a prime number",n);
else
printf("%d is a prime number",n);

return 0;
}

// integer is returned from the function

int checkPrimeNumber(int n)
{
/* Integer value is returned from function checkPrimeNumber() */
int i;

for(i=2; i <= n/2; ++i)

{
if(n%i == 0)
return 1;
}
Recursion
unsigned int factorial(unsigned int unsigned int factorial (unsigned
a); Recursion - An Example int a) {
if (a==1)
void main () {
return 1;
unsigned int f,x;
printf("Enter value between 1 & else {
8: "); a *= factorial(a-1);
scanf("%d", &x);
return a;
if (x > 8 || x < 1)
printf (”Illegal input!\n"); }
else { }
f = factorial(x);
printf ("%u factorial equals %u\
n", x,f);