Representation

of Functions
Topic 1.1
Objectives:

• Define Relation and Function

• Determine whether a relation is a function.

Concepts:
• Relation is a rule that relates values from a set of values called the
domain to a second set of values called the range.

A relation is also a set of ordered pairs ( x , y ).

Example:
Domain Range (y)
(x)
{(0,1) , (0,2) , (4,6) , 1
(9,5)} 0
2
4
5
{(12,56) , (18,98) , (34,43) , 9
(96,50)} 6
Concepts:
• Function is a relation where each element in the domain is related to
only one value in the range. A function is a set of ordered pairs ( x,y )
such that no two ordered pairs have the same x-value but different y-
values.

Example:
Domain Range (y)
{(0,1) , (2,3) , (4,5) , (x)
0 1
(6,7)}
{(0,1) , (1,2) , (2,3) , 1 2
(3,4)}
2 3
{(A,Z) , (B,W) , (H,P) , (Q,C) ,
(D,K} 3 4
Concepts:
Vertical Line Test

A graph represents a function if and only if each vertical line

intersects the graph at most once.

y y

x x

1
2

FUNCTION NOT FUNCTION

ACTIVITY
Determine whether the following relations is Function or Not Function.

1. H = {(1,2), (2,5), (3,10), Answer: FUNCTION

(4,17)}

2. Answer: FUNCTION
Input (x) Output (y)
x 2
y 4
z 6
3. x² + y² - 4 = 0 Answer: NOT FUNCTION
y

x
 y y
4. 5.

x x

Answer: NOT FUNCTION Answer: FUNCTION

ANALYSIS

• How can you determine if a relation is a function?

• Does all relation can also be a function?

• Are you familiar with different types of function? Give an example.

Basic types of functions.
Constant Function
- A function of zero-degree that are of the form f(x) = C, C ≠ 0.

Examples
:
f(x) = 4

g(x) = 75

h(x) = -1

p(x) =
123
Basic types of functions.
Linear Function
- A function of first-degree polynomial that are of the form f(x) = C1x + C0,
Cn ≠ 0.
Examples
:
f(x) = 4x +
4
g(x) = 3x -
1
h(x) = 10x +
7
p(x) = 6x -
10
Basic types of functions.
Quadratic Function
- A function of the form f(x) = ax² + bx + c, where a ≠ 0.

Examples
:
f(x) = 4x² + 4x
+4
g(x) = 2x² + x -
3
h(x) = 3x² - 10x
-7
p(x) = x² - 6x +
10
 Basic types of functions.
Rational Function
- Is the quotient of two polynomial functions that are of the form

Examples 4x² + 4x + 4 x² - 3x + 4
f(x) = f(x) =
: 2x +2 x2 -2x - 6

x² + x + 1 2x +2
f(x) = f(x) =
2x +2x + 2
2 4x² + 4x + 4

g(x
f(x) = ) , where h(x) ≠ 0
h(x)
Basic types of functions.
Power Function
- Is a function of the form f(x) = xn , where n = any real number.

Absolute Value Function

- Is a function of the form f(x) = |x|.

Polynomial Function
- Is any function f(x) of the form f(x) = CnXn + Cn-1Xn-1 + … C1X1 + C0X0

Greatest Integer Function

- Is a function of the form f(x) = └ x ┘. The value └ x ┘ is the greatest
integer that is less than or equal to x.
Basic types of functions.
Piece-wise Function
- Is a function which is defined by multiple sub-functions where each
sub-function applied to a certain interval of the main functions domain
(a sub-domain). it is a function which uses different rules on disjoint
subsets of its domain.

, if x ≤ 2

, if x > 2
Functions can often be used to model real situations. Identifying an appropriate
functional model will lead to a better understanding of various phenomena.

Example:

1. Give a function C that can represent the cost of buying x meals, if one meal
costs P40.
Solution C =40x
:

2. A jeepney ride costs P8.00 for the first 4km and each additional integer
kilometer adds P1.50 to the fare. Use a piece-wise function to represent the
jeepney fare in terms of distance d in km.

Solution
:
8 , if 0 < d < 4
{
f(d) =
8+ , if d > 4
1.5(d)
3. The cost of hiring a catering service to serve food for a party is P150 per head
for 20 persons or less, P130 per head for 21 to 50 persons, and P110 per head
for 51 to 100 persons. For 100 or more persons, the cost is at P100 per head. Let
F represent the total cost as a piecewise function of the x number of attendees
of the party.

150x , if x <

F(x) =
{ 130x ,20
if 21 < x <
110x ,50
if 51 < x <
100x ,100
if x > 100
4. You plan to sell cupcakes to raise funds. A bakery charges you P15.00 for the
first 100 cupcakes. After the first 100 cupcakes you purchase up to 150
cupcakes, the bakery will lower the price to P13.50 per cupcake. After you
purchase 150 cupcakes the price will decrease to P10.00 per cupcake. Write a
function that models the situation.

{
15x , if x <100
F(x) = 13.50x, if 100 < x <150
10x , if x > 150
 Assignment
I. State whether or not each relation is a function.
1. {(2,3) , (4,5) , (6,6)}
2. {(4,5) , (4,6) , (5,5) , (6,6)}
3. {(-1,A) , (1,B) , (2,C) , (3,D)}

II. A zumba instructor charges according to the number of participants. If

there are 15 participants or below, the instructor charges P500.00 for each
participant per month. If the number of participants is between 15 and 30, he
charges P400.00 for each participant per month. If there are 30 participants or
more, he charges P350.00 for each participant per month. Write the piece-wise
function that describes what the instructor charges.