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Offsite Area at Simhadri: Cooling Tower Circulatin G Water System (CW) Water Treatment Plant

The document outlines the cooling and water treatment systems at the Simhadri thermal plant, detailing the design and operation of Natural Draught Cooling Towers (NDCTs) and the components of the circulating water system. It explains the processes involved in pre-treatment and demineralization of water, as well as the fire water and effluent disposal systems. Additionally, it highlights the importance of maintaining water quality to prevent fouling and corrosion in the plant's operations.

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md zaiyad alam
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27 views27 pages

Offsite Area at Simhadri: Cooling Tower Circulatin G Water System (CW) Water Treatment Plant

The document outlines the cooling and water treatment systems at the Simhadri thermal plant, detailing the design and operation of Natural Draught Cooling Towers (NDCTs) and the components of the circulating water system. It explains the processes involved in pre-treatment and demineralization of water, as well as the fire water and effluent disposal systems. Additionally, it highlights the importance of maintaining water quality to prevent fouling and corrosion in the plant's operations.

Uploaded by

md zaiyad alam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OFFSITE AREA AT SIMHADRI

COOLING CIRCULATIN WATER


TOWER G WATER TREATMENT
SYSTEM (CW) PLANT

FIRE SEA WATER EFFLUENT


WATER PUMPS/ DISPOSAL
PUMPS AND SWEET SYSTEM
EQUIPMENT WATER &
RAW
WATER
PUMPS
DESIGN OF CT

Where water supply is not consistent, closed loop cooling system with cooling tower is used.
Natural Draught Cooling Towers (NDCTs)
DETAILS OF NDCTs OF
STAGE-I (2X500 MW)
Outer
• No. of NDCTs: 02 shell
• Height of NDCT: 165 mtrs
• Bottom diameter: 100 mtrs Racker
• Top diameter: 70 mtrs columns

• Total no of Racker columns :88 Top walk way


per NDCT
• Shell thickness :300-350 mm
Inner shell
PRINCIPLE OF COOLING TOWER
Natural Draft CT depends on the airflow
caused by natural driving pressure due to the
density difference between the cool outside
air and hot humid air inside. The driving
pressure “P” is given by
P = (density (o) – density (i)fill exit)* H
Normally the density difference is low.
Hence “H” has to be more in order to
achieve “P”
The Hyperbolic profile of NDCT offers great
resistance to outside wing loading and
superior strength when compared to other
forms. It has little to do with inside air flow
Induced Draft
TYPES OF COOLING TOWERS
LOUVERS
The purpose of louvers is to equalize air flow into the fill and retain the water within
the tower.
SPLASH TYPE FILLS

MORE THE SURFACE AREA MORE THE HEAT TRANSFER


FILM FORMING FILLS
DRIFT ELIMINATORS
CIRCULATING WATER SYSTEM

Bulk requirement of water is used in thermal plants for the


purpose of cooling the steam in condensers. The
requirement of water for this purpose is of the order of 1.5-
to2.0 cusecs/MW of installation.

Where sufficient water is available once through system is


used.
CIRCULATING WATER SYSTEM
COMPONENTS

*A circulating water pump house


*Intake channel
*Trash rack
*A chlorination plant
*Traveling water screen
*Connecting pipe line to condenser
*Outlet channel
*A cooling tower
CW PUMPS

DISCHARGE : 31000M3/HR
HEAD:28M
RPM:330RPM
*2 PUMPS PER UNIT (60%)
WATER TREATMENT PLANT

PRE TREATMENT DM PLANT
PLANT

CONDENSATE POLISHING UNIT


PRE TREATMENT PLANT (why?)
PRE TREATMENT: This is done to remove
suspended solids & organic matter. The suspended
solids are generally negatively charged particles
which are neutralized by positively charged ions of
coagulant e.g. Al+3 of alum. Treatment is achieved
by allowing coagulation,flocculation &
sedimentation as sludge in a clarifier.Depending
on the nature of turbidity giving particles, proper
coagulant strength & contact time are the
essential for proper treatment. Colloidal particles
also get trapped in flocs & get removed. This is
best at pH ~6.5 - 7.0 & higher retention time.
PRE TREATMENT
For removing the organic matter chlorine as a
biocide is dosed in clarifier. It is essential to
remove organic matter because it may lead to
fouling of ion exchange resin in DM Plant. Also
the organic matter at high temperature may get
converted to CO2 & cause metal corrosion in
boiler system.To completely eliminate the organic
matter a slight excess of chlorine is dosed (~ 0.5
ppm at Clarifier O/l).

The clarified water so produced is passed through


filter beds (Graded Sand / Anthracite can be used)
to remove any floating turbid matter.This is called
filtered water.This water is being used for
drinking purpose & for demineralization
DEMINERALIZATION

18
DEMINERALISATION
Excess chlorine is removed in ACF.At ACF O/l
Turbidity <0.1 NTU & Free Cl2 <0.1ppm. The
absorbed chlorine is released by backwash
whenever Free Cl2 >0.1ppm or the end of rated
cycle whichever is earlier.
After this the water enters the Cation
regenerative type ion exchanger resin
beds(weak & strong) where the cations in water
are replaced with H+.Thus at the Strong cation
O/l we have weak & strong acids.
R-H + NaCl --------->RNa + HCl
2 R-H + CaSO4 ------> 2RCa + H2SO4
2R-H + 2CaHCO3------> 2RCa + 2H2CO3
19
DEMINERALISATION
After exchange of cations, it is led to
degasser.The bicarbonates exchanged in
cations form carbonic acid (H2CO3). In the
degasser the water is sprayed from top &
stream of air (which has very less CO2
content) is blown in counter direction.The C0 2
from H2CO3 is released.
H2CO3  H2O + CO2

The process is similar to removal of dissolved


Oxygen in Dearator by using steam

20
DEMINERALIZATION
The degassed water is pumped through
regenerative type anion ion exchanger resin
beds ( weak & strong ) where anions are
replaced with OH- & water is formed .

R-OH + HCl RCl + H20

2 R-OH + H2SO4 R2SO4 +2H20

At anion O/l, pH 8-9,Conductivity < 20


umhos/cm , Silica< 200 ppb will be
achieved. 21
FIRE WATER SYSTEM
• HYDRANT SYSTEM
FIRE WATER SYSTEM
SPRAY SYSTEM &
FOAM SYSTEM
SWEETWATER/RAW WATER
Sweet water is taken from YELERU Canal
and pumped to Raw water reservoir by sweet
water pumps. (17km pipeline)
From Raw water reservoir water is pumped
to Pre-Treatment Plant
SEA WATER SYSTEM
There shall be 3% loss of circulating water
which is due to evaporation in NDCT and
leakages

This 3% is made up by Sea water Pumps


which pumps sea water to Desilting Basin
CW Intake Channel
3no. Sea Water pumps available with a
discharge capacity of 9000m3/hr each
Effluent System
The effluents are pumped back into the sea
by Effluent disposal pumps
Thank
You

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