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Types of Bridges

The document provides an overview of bridges, including their definitions, types, components, and classifications based on various criteria such as materials, purpose, and span length. It details the substructure and superstructure of bridges, highlighting elements like abutments, piers, decking, and parapets. Additionally, it outlines different types of loads that bridges must be designed to withstand.

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26 views32 pages

Types of Bridges

The document provides an overview of bridges, including their definitions, types, components, and classifications based on various criteria such as materials, purpose, and span length. It details the substructure and superstructure of bridges, highlighting elements like abutments, piers, decking, and parapets. Additionally, it outlines different types of loads that bridges must be designed to withstand.

Uploaded by

kanimozhisasi345
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types of Bridges

Dr. K.SIVASAKTHIVEL , M. E, M.B.A, Ph. D


Bridge

 A bridge is a structure providing passage over an obstacle without


closing the way beneath.
 The required passage may be for a road, a railway pedestrian or a canal
of a pipeline. The obstacle to be crossed may be river, a road, a railway
or a valley.
 Bridges are a critical component of a nation’s infrastructure, making it
possible to ship raw materials and finished goods to factories,
warehouses, suppliers, distributors, stores, and end-consumers
 Reduce travelling time
 Leads easy trade
Types of Loads for Design of Bridge

 Dead load
 Live load
 Impact load
 Wind load
 Longitudinal forces
 Centrifugal forces
 Buoyancy effect
 Effect of water current
 Thermal effects
 Deformation and horizontal effects
 Erection stresses
 Seismic loads
Components of bridge
Bridge can be divided into two major parts.
1. Sub structure
2. Super structure
 SUB STRUCTURE

 The function of the sub structure is similar to that of foundations, columns and walls of a buildings, because it
supports the super structure of the bridges and transmits the load safely to the ground
 The substructure consists of the following:
 a. Abutments b. Piers c. Wing walls d. Approaches
 e. Foundations for the piers and abutments

 Abutments: The end of superstructure of a bridge is called abutments.


 Its main functions are
 To laterally support the earth work of the embankment of the approaches.
 To transmit the load from the bridge superstructure.
 To give final formation level to the bridge.
Piers
 Piers are the intermediate supports for the superstructure. Piers transmit
the loads from the superstructure of the bridge to the foundations. A
pier essentially consists of a column or shat and a foundation. They may
have different configurations as shown in figure. These piers may be
constructed with stone masonry or concrete
 Wing walls : These are the walls provided at both ends of the
abutments to retain the earth filling of the approach road. They are
constructed of the same material as those of the main abutment.
 Approaches: The portion of the road constructed to reach the bridge
from their general route or height is known as approach of the bridge.
The alignment and the level of the approaches mainly depend on the
design and layout of the bridge
 Foundations for the Piers and Abutments : The foundation of a
bridge structure distributes the load from the piers and abutments over
the larger area of sub soil. It prevents the tilting and over-turning of the
piers and abutments and settlement of the sub soil.
Super structure
 Super structure : The super structure is that part of the bridge over
which the traffic moves with safely.
 It consists of:
 a. Decking b. Parapet or hand rails, guard stones etc. c. Bearing
 Decking : It is provided to allow the road surface to be built in over it. It
may consist of a slab, trusses, arches etc.
 Parapet or Hand rails, guard stones: These are the protective works
provided on both sides of the deck along the roadway in order to safe
guard the moving vehicles and the passengers on a bridge. Foot paths are
also provided for pedestrians to walk along the bridge. In order to prevent
a vehicle from striking the parapet wall of the hand rails, guard stones
painted white are provided at the ends of the road surfaces.
 Bearing: It is part of the bearing structure provided to distribute the load
coming from the superstructure and also to allow for longitudinal and
angular movements.

Classification of bridges

 Materials used for construction


 Function of purpose
 Life
 Types of superstructure
 Span length
 Loading
Based on construction material

 Reinforced concrete
 Steel
 Timber
 Pre stressed
 Masonry
 Composite
Function of purpose

 Highway bridge
 Railway bridge
 Foot bridge
 Viaduct and
 Aqueduct
Life
 a) Permanent bridges
 b) Temporary bridges
Based on span

 L ≤ 6 M culvert
 7 ≤ L ≤ 15 small span
 16 ≤ L ≤50 medium
 50 ≤ L150 large span
 L≥ 150 m exact long span
Based on loading

 a) Class AA bridges
 b) Class A bridges
 c) Class B bridges according to the loadings they are designed to carry.

Based on structure

 Truss
 Cable
 Suspension
 Arch
 Beam
 cantilever
Beam bridge
Beam bridge
Cantilever bridge
Arch bridge
Suspension and Cable stayed bridge
Truss bridge
Suspension bridges
Cable stayed
Culvert
India's longest bridge on water

(9.15 KM)
Thanks

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