ASIA

JADEFORTIS S. PULONGBARIT,MSTM,CTP
 ASIA
• Asia is the largest of the world’s continents, covering
approximately 30 percent of the Earth’s land area. It is
also the world’s most populous continent, with roughly 60
percent of the total population.
• Asia makes up the eastern portion of the Eurasian
supercontinent; Europe occupies the western portion.
• The border between the two continents is debated.
However, most geographers define Asia’s western border
as an indirect line that follows the Ural Mountains, the
Caucasus Mountains, and the Caspian and Black Seas.
• Asia is bordered by the Arctic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans.
 ASIA
• Asia’s physical geography, environment and
resources, and human geography can be considered
separately.

• Asia can be divided into five major physical regions:

mountain systems; plateaus; plains, steppes, and
deserts; freshwater environments; and saltwater
environments.
 ASIA
• The Himalaya mountains extend for about 2,500 kilometers (1,550
miles), separating the Indian subcontinent from the rest of Asia. The
Indian subcontinent, once connected to Africa, collided with the
Eurasian continent about 50 million to 55 million years ago, forming the
Himalayas. The Indian subcontinent is still crashing northward into Asia,
and the Himalayas are growing about 5 centimeters (2 inches) every
year.

• The Himalayas cover more than 612,000 square kilometers (236,000

square miles), passing through the northern states of India and making
up most of the terrain of Nepal and Bhutan. The Himalayas are so vast
that they are composed of three different mountain belts. The
northernmost belt, known as the Great Himalayas, has the highest
average elevation at 6,096 meters (20,000 feet). The belt contains nine
of the highest peaks in the world, which all reach more than 7,925
meters (26,000 feet) tall. This belt includes the highest mountain summit
 ASIA
• The Tien Shan mountain system stretches for about 2,400 kilometers
(1,500 miles), straddling the border between Kyrgyzstan and China.
The name Tien Shan means “Celestial Mountains” in Chinese. The
two highest peaks in the Tien Shan are Victory Peak, which stands at
7,439 meters (24,406 feet), and Khan Tängiri Peak, which stands at
6,995 meters (22,949 feet). Tien Shan also has more than 10,100
square kilometers (3,900 square miles) of glaciers. The largest glacier
is Engil'chek Glacier, which is about 60 kilometers (37 miles) long.

• The Ural Mountains run for approximately 2,500 kilometers (1,550

miles) in an indirect north-south line from Russia to Kazakhstan. The
Ural Mountains are some of the world’s oldest, at 250 million to 300
million years old. Millions of years of erosion have lowered the
mountains significantly, and today their average elevation is between
914 and 1,220 meters (3,000 to 4,000 feet). The highest peak is
 ASIA
• Lake Baikal, located in southern Russia, is the deepest lake in the world, reaching a
depth of 1,620 meters (5,315 feet). The lake contains 20 percent of the world’s
unfrozen freshwater, making it the largest reservoir on Earth. It is also the world’s
oldest lake, at 25 million years old.

• The Yangtze is the longest river in Asia and the third longest in the world (behind the
Amazon of South America and the Nile of Africa). Reaching 6,300 kilometers (3,915
miles) in length, the Yangtze moves east from the glaciers of the Tibetan Plateau to the
river’s mouth on the East China Sea. The Yangtze is considered the lifeblood of China. It
drains one-fifth of the country’s land area, is home to one-third of its population, and
contributes greatly to China’s economy.

• The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers begin in the highlands of eastern Turkey and flow
through Syria and Iraq, joining in the city of Qurna, Iraq, before emptying into the
Persian Gulf. The land between the two rivers, known as Mesopotamia, was the center
of the earliest civilizations, including Sumer and the Akkadian Empire. Today, the Tigris-
Euphrates river system is under threat from increased agricultural and industrial use.
These pressures have caused desertification and increased salts in the soil, severely
 ASIA
• The Persian Gulf has an area of more than 234,000 square kilometers (90,000
square miles). It borders Iran, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Qatar,
Bahrain, Kuwait, and Iraq. The gulf is subject to high rates of evaporation,
making it shallow and extremely salty. The seabed beneath the Persian Gulf
contains an estimated 50 percent of the world’s oil reserves. The countries that
border the gulf have engaged in a number of disputes over this rich resource.

• The Sea of Okhotsk covers 1.5 million square kilometers (611,000 square miles)
between the Russian mainland and the Kamchatka Peninsula. The sea is largely
frozen between October and March. Large ice floes make winter navigation
almost impossible.

• The Bay of Bengal is the largest bay in the world, covering almost 2.2 million
square kilometers (839,000 square miles) and bordering Bangladesh, India, Sri
Lanka, and Burma. Many large rivers, including the Ganges and Brahmaputra,
empty into the bay. The briny wetlands formed by the Ganges-Brahmaputra on
the Bay of Bengal is the largest delta in the world.
 CENTRAL ASIA
• Kazakhstan
• Kyrgzstan
• Tajikistan
• Turkmenistan
• Uzbekistan
 CENTRAL ASIA
• Kazakhstan
• Kyrgzstan
• Tajikistan
• Turkmenistan
• Uzbekistan
 EAST ASIA
• China
• China, Hong Kong
• China, Macao
• Japan
• Mongolia
• North Korea, Democratic People's Republic of
Korea
• South Korea, Republic of Korea
 SOUTH ASIA
• Afghanistan
• Bangladesh
• Bhutan
• India
• Iran
• Maldives
• Nepal
• Pakistan
• Sri Lanka
 SOUTHEAST ASIA
• Brunei
• Cambodia
• Indonesia
• Laos
• Malaysia
• Myanmar
• Philippines
• Singapore
• Thailand
• Timor-Leste
• Vietnam
 WEST ASIA
• Armenia
• Azerbaijan
• Bahrain
• Cyprus
• Georgia
• Iraq
• Israel
• Jordan
• Kuwait
• Lebanon
• Oman
• Qatar
• Saudi Arabia
• Palestine
• Syrian Arab Republic
• Turkey
• United Arab Emirates
TOURIST SPOTS IN ASIA
CHINA
WUDANG MOUNTAIN
 The Wudang Mountains also known
as Wu Tang Shan or simply Wudang,
are a small mountain range in the
northwestern part of Hubei Province
of People's Republic of China, just to
the south of the city of Shiyan.

the monasteries and buildings were

made a UNESCO World Heritage
Site in 1994.
GREAT WALL OF CHINA
The Great Wall of China is a
series of fortifications made of
stone, brick, tamped earth,
wood, and other materials.

generally built along an east-to-west

line across the historical northern
borders of China in part to protect
the Chinese Empire or its prototypical
states against intrusions by various
nomadic groups or military incursions
by various warlike peoples or forces.
FORBIDDEN CITY
The Forbidden City was the Chinese imperial palace from
the Ming Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty. It is located
in the middle of Beijing, China, and now houses the Palace
Museum.
TERRACOTTA WARRIORS
 The Terracotta Army or the "Terra
Cotta Warriors and Horses", is a
collection of terracotta sculptures
depicting the armies of Qin Shi
Huang, the first Emperor of China.

It is a form of funerary art buried

with the emperor in 210–209 BC
and whose purpose was to
protect the emperor in his
afterlife.
TAOIST TEMPLE
The term Tao means "way",
"path" or "principle", and can
also be found in Chinese
philosophies and religions other
than Taoism.

Tao denotes something that is

both the source and the driving
force behind everything that exists.
It is ultimately ineffable: "The Tao
that can be told is not the eternal
Tao."
CONFUCIUS TEMPLE
A Temple of Confucius or Confucian temple, is a temple
devoted to the memory of Confucius and the sages and
philosophers of Confucianism.
JAPAN
MT. FUJI
 Mount Fuji is the highest
mountain in Japan at
3,776.24 m (12,389 ft).

An active stratovolcano that last

erupted in 1707–08, Mount Fuji
lies about 100 kilometres (62 mi)
south-west of Tokyo, and can be
seen from there on a clear day.
CITY OF TOKYO
Tokyo City was
a municipality in Japan and part
of Tokyo-fu which existed from
May 1, 1889 until its merger
with its prefecture on July 1,
1943.

The historical boundaries of

Tokyo City are now occupied
by the 23 Special Wards of
Tokyo.
SHINKANSEN TRAIN
 The Shinkansen also known as
the "Bullet Train", is a network
of high-speed railway lines in
Japan operated by four Japan
Railways Group companies.

Shinkansen literally means new

trunk line, referring to the
tracks, but the name is widely
used inside and outside Japan
to refer to the trains as well as
the system as a whole.
SHIKOKU
Shikoku is the smallest and
least populous of the four
main islands of Japan, located
south of Honshū and east of
the island of Kyūshū.

The current name refers to the

four former provinces which
made up the
island:Awa, Tosa, Sanuki,
and Iyo.
NAGASAKI
 Nagasaki is the capital and the
largest city of Nagasaki
Prefecture on the island
of Kyushu in Japan.

Nagasaki was founded by

the Portuguese in the second
half of the 16th century on
the site of a small fishing
village, formerly part
of Nishisonogi District.
HIROSHIMA
Hiroshima means "Wide
Island".

It is best known as the first city in

history to be targeted by a nuclear
weapon when the United States
Army Air Forces (USAAF) dropped
an atomic bomb on it at 8:15 a.m.
on August 6, 1945, near the end
of World War II.
JEJU ISLAND
 Jeju Island has a temperate
climate and even in winter, the
temperature rarely falls below
freezing point.

The island contains the

natural World Heritage
Site Jeju Volcanic Island and
Lava Tubes.
TAIWAN
TAIPEI 101
formerly known as
the Taipei World Financial
Center, is a landmark
skyscraper located in Xinyi
District, Taipei, Taiwan.

The building ranked officially

as the world's tallest from
2004 until the opening of
the Burj Khalifa in Dubai in
2010.
SILK ROAD
 SILK ROAD

The Silk Road or Silk Route is a modern term referring to a historical network
of interlinking trade routes across the Afro-Eurasian landmass that
connected East, South, and Western Asia with
the Mediterranean and European world, as well as parts of North and East
Africa.
BUKHARA
 Bukhara is the capital of
the Bukhara Province (viloyat)
of Uzbekistan.

The historic center of Bukhara,

which contains
numerous mosques
and madrassas, has been listed
by UNESCO as a World Heritage
Site.
MYANMAR
SHWEDAGON PAGODA
The Shwedagon Pagoda also
known in English as the Great
Dagon Pagoda and the Golden
Pagoda, is a 99 metres
(325 ft) located in Yangon, Burma.

It is the most
sacred Buddhist pagoda for
the Burmese with relics of the
past four Buddhas enshrined
within.
SAUDI ARABIA
MECCA
Mecca also transliterated
as Makkah, is a city in
the Hejaz and the capital
of Makkah Province in Saudi
Arabia.

Mecca is regarded as the holiest

city in the religion of Islam and
a pilgrimage to it known as
the Hajj is obligatory for all
able Muslims.
MALAYSIA
PETRONAS
PETRONAS, short for Petroliam
Nasional Berhad, is a
Malaysian oil and gas company
that was founded on August 17,
1974.

Fortune ranks PETRONAS as the

68th largest company in the
world in 2012. It also ranks
PETRONAS as the 12th most
profitable company in the world
and the most profitable in Asia.
PUTRAJAYA
 Putrajaya is a planned city,
located 25 km south of Kuala
Lumpur, that serves as the
federal administrative centre
of Malaysia.

In 2001, Putrajaya became

Malaysia's third Federal
Territory after Kuala Lumpur
and Labuan.
MT. KINABALU
Mount Kinabalu s a
prominent mountain on the
island of Borneo in Southeast
Asia.

Kinabalu is the highest peak in

Borneo's Crocker Range and is
the highest mountain in
the Malay Archipelago.
KOTA KINABALU
Kota Kinabalu formerly known as Jesselton is the capital
of Sabah state in East Malaysia. It is also the capital of
the West Coast Division of Sabah. The city is located on the
northwest coast of Borneo facing the South China Sea.
INDONESIA
KOMODO ISLAND
 Komodo is one of the
17,508 islands that make up
the Republic of Indonesia.

The island is particularly notable as

the natural habitat of the Komodo
Dragon, the largest lizard on earth
and consequently named after the
island.
BALI
Bali is a province of Indonesia.
The province covers a few
small neighbouring islands as
well as the isle of Bali.

It is one of the country's

34 provinces with the
provincial capital
at Denpasar towards the south
of the island.
TURKEY
BAZAAR IN ISTANBUL
 The Grand Bazaar in Istanbul is
one of the largest and
oldest covered markets in the
world, with 61 covered streets and
over 3,000 shops which attract
between 250,000 and 400,000
visitors daily.

It stretches roughly from west

to east between the
mosques of Beyazit and of
Nuruosmaniye.
HAGIA SOFIA
Hagia Sophia "Holy Wisdom“ is a
former Orthodox patriarchal basil
ica, later a mosque, and now a
museum in Istanbul, Turkey.

The building was a mosque

from 29 May 1453 until 1931,
when it was secularized. It was
opened as a museum on 1
February 1935.
ISRAEL
WAILING WALL
 The Western Wall, Wailing
Wall or Kotel is located in
the Old City of Jerusalem at
the foot of the western side of
the Temple Mount.

It is a remnant of the ancient wall

that surrounded the Jewis
Temple's courtyard, and is arguably
the most sacred site recognized by
the Jewish faith outside of the
Temple Mount itself.
DOME OF THE ROCK
The Dome of the Rock is a
shrine located on the Temple
Mount in the Old City of
Jerusalem.

The site's significance stems

from religious traditions
regarding the rock, known as
the Foundation Stone, at its
heart.
CATHEDRAL SEPULCHRE
 The Church of the Holy Sepulchre,
also called the Basilica of the Holy
Sepulchre, or the Church of the
Resurrection by Eastern Christians,
is a church within the Christian
Quarter of the walled Old
City ofJerusalem.

The site is venerated

as Golgotha (the Hill of Calvary),
where Jesus was crucified, and is
said also to contain the place
where Jesus was buried
(the Sepulchre).
INDIA
TAJ MAHAL
The Taj Mahal is a white
marble mausoleum located in
Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India.

it was built
by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in
memory of his third wife, Mumtaz
Mahal. The Taj Mahal is widely
recognized as "the jewel of
Muslim art in India and one of the
universally admired masterpieces
of the world's heritage"
CALCUTTA CITY
 Kolkata or Calcutta is
the capital of the Indian state
of West Bengal. it is the
principal commercial, cultural,
and educational centre of East
India.

As of 2008, its economic

output as measured by gross
domestic product ranked
third among South Asian cities,
behind Mumbaiand Delhi.
DHARAVI SLUM
Dharavi is a slum and
administrative ward, over
parts
of Sion, Bandra, Kurla and Kali
na suburbs of Mumbai, India.

It used to be the largest slum

in Mumbai at one time, but as
of 2011, there are four slums
in Mumbai larger than Dharavi.
GANGES RIVER
 The Ganges is a trans-
boundary river
of India and Bangladesh.

The Ganges is the most sacred

river to Hindus and is also a
lifeline to millions of Indians
who live along its course and
depend on it for their daily
needs
IRAQ
ZIGGURAT
Ziggurat were massive
structures built in the
ancient Mesopotamian val
ley and western Iranian
plateau, having the form
of a terraced step
pyramid of successively
receding stories or levels.
THAILAND
WAT PHO
 Wat Pho is a Buddhist temple
in Phra Nakhon
district, Bangkok, Thailand.
Known also as the Temple of
the Reclining Buddha,

The temple is also known as

the birthplace of
traditional Thai massage.
VIETNAM
HA LONG BAY
 Ha Long Bay is a UNESCO World
Heritage Site, and a popular travel
destination, located in Quang
Ninh province, Vietnam.

The bay features thousands

of limestone karsts and isles in
various sizes and shapes.
SAIGON CITY
Ho Chi Minh City formerly
named Saigon is the largest
city in Vietnam.

According to the Mercer Human

Resource Consulting,Economist
Intelligence Unit and ECA
International, Ho Chi Minh City is
ranked 132 on the list of world's most
expensive cities for expatriate
employees.
ANGKOR WAT
ANGKOR WAT
 Angkor Wat is the
largest Hindu temple complex
and the largest religious
monument in the world.

As the best-preserved temple at

the site, it is the only one to have
remained a significant religious
centre since its foundation – first
Hindu, then Buddhist.
IRAN
CASPIAN SEA
The Caspian Sea is the largest
enclosed inland body of
water on Earth by area, variously
classed as the world's largest
lake or a full-fledged sea.

The ancient inhabitants of its coast

perceived the Caspian Sea as an
ocean, probably because of its
saltiness and seeming
boundlessness
STURGEON FISH & CAVIAR
 Sturgeon is the common
name used for some 26
species of fish in the
family Acipenseridae.

The term includes over 20

species commonly referred to as
sturgeon and several closely
related species that have distinct
common names, notably
sterlet, kaluga and beluga.
PERSEPOLIS
 Persepolis was the ceremonial
capital of the Achaemenid
Empire. Persepolis is situated70
km northeast of the modern city
of Shiraz in the Fars Province of
modern Iran.

UNESCO declared the citadel

of Persepolis a World Heritage
Site in 1979.
UAE
BURJ KHALIFA
Burj Khalifa known as Burj
Dubai prior to its inauguration, is
a skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab
Emirates, and is the tallest man-
made structure in the world.

Construction began on 21
September 2004, with the
exterior of the structure
completed on 1 October 2009.
The building officially opened
on 4 January 2010.