Scribd
Upload
14 views17 pages

Presentation Agri 225

The report discusses extension development, focusing on providing knowledge and resources to improve livelihoods in agriculture and rural development. It outlines various theories such as Diffusion of Innovations and Andragogy, and approaches including Technology Transfer and Farmer Field Schools, emphasizing the shift towards participatory and technology-driven methods. The conclusion highlights the evolution of extension services towards more inclusive and sustainable practices.

Uploaded by

angelmariecastro48
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
14 views17 pages

Presentation Agri 225

The report discusses extension development, focusing on providing knowledge and resources to improve livelihoods in agriculture and rural development. It outlines various theories such as Diffusion of Innovations and Andragogy, and approaches including Technology Transfer and Farmer Field Schools, emphasizing the shift towards participatory and technology-driven methods. The conclusion highlights the evolution of extension services towards more inclusive and sustainable practices.

Uploaded by

angelmariecastro48
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

REPORT

in
Agri 225-Principles of Agri.Extension & Communication

Ericson E. Yauna II-A Crisologo L. Ramasasa


Reporter Instructor
Unit V
Context of Extension
Development, Theories and
Approaches
Extension development
◾Refers to the process of providing
knowledge, skills, and resources to
individuals and communities to improve
their livelihoods, particularly in agriculture,
health, and rural development. Various
theories and approaches have been
developed to guide extension work
effectively.
1. Theories of Extension Development

a) Diffusion of Innovations Theory (Everett Rogers, 1962)

◾Explains how new ideas, technologies, or practices


spread within a community.
◾Classifies adopters into categories: Innovators, Early
Adopters, Early Majority, Late Majority, and Laggards.
◾Emphasizes communication channels, time, and social
systems.
◾Useful in agricultural and rural extension programs.
b) Andragogy (Adult Learning Theory – Malcolm
Knowles, 1980s)

◾Suggests that adults learn best when they are


self-directed and actively involved.
◾Learning should be problem-centered and
experience-based.
◾Extension services should use participatory
methods rather than top-down approaches.
c) Systems Theory
◾Views extension as part of a larger system that
includes farmers, researchers, policymakers, and
markets.
◾Emphasizes interdependence and feedback
mechanisms in agricultural and rural
development.
◾Helps in designing holistic and sustainable
extension programs.
d) Participatory Development Theory

◾Advocates for the active involvement of local


communities in decision-making.
◾Recognizes local knowledge as valuable and
promotes bottom-up approaches.
◾Extension agents act as facilitators rather
than mere providers of information.
e) Social Learning Theory (Albert Bandura, 1977)

◾Learning occurs through observation,


imitation, and social interaction.
◾Peer learning and farmer-to-farmer
extension methods are effective.
2. Approaches to Extension Development

a) Technology Transfer Approach

◾Traditional, top-down approach where


experts provide solutions to farmers.
◾Used in the Green Revolution but
criticized for ignoring local knowledge.
b) Training and Visit (T&V) Approach

◾Structured extension system where


agents visit farmers on a schedule.
◾Focuses on capacity-building but requires
high government investment.
c) Farmer Field Schools (FFS)

◾Group-based learning where


farmers experiment and share
knowledge.
◾Encourages experiential learning
and peer-to-peer extension.
d) Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)

◾Community-driven approach
using mapping, ranking, and
discussions.
◾Helps in designing relevant and
sustainable interventions.
e) ICT-Based Extension

◾Uses mobile phones, social


media, and digital platforms to
deliver extension services.
◾Improves access to information,
especially in remote areas.
f) Private Sector and NGO-Led Extension

◾Involves agribusinesses,
cooperatives, and non-profits in
providing extension services.
◾Often more flexible and market-
oriented.
Conclusion

Extension development has evolved


from top-down models like Technology
Transfer and Training & Visit to more
participatory, technology-driven, and
private sector-led approaches. Applying
multiple theories and approaches
ensures extension services are effective,
inclusive, and sustainable in addressing
Reference:
◾Feder, G., Birner, R., & Anderson, J. R. (2010).
The Private Sector’s Role in Agricultural Extension
Systems: Potential and Limitations. Journal of
Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging
Economies, 1(1), 31-54.

◾Aker, J. C. (2011). Dial “A” for Agriculture: A


Review of ICTs in Agricultural Extension in
Developing Countries. Agricultural Economics,
42(6), 631-647.
THANK YOU

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy