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The document discusses the fundamentals of number systems and digital logic gates in digital electronics, highlighting the importance of binary, decimal, octal, and hexadecimal systems. It explains how digital circuits utilize logic gates to process binary signals and emphasizes the application of Boolean algebra in these circuits. The document also includes references and acknowledgments for the author's educational experience.

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14 views5 pages

Ca 1

The document discusses the fundamentals of number systems and digital logic gates in digital electronics, highlighting the importance of binary, decimal, octal, and hexadecimal systems. It explains how digital circuits utilize logic gates to process binary signals and emphasizes the application of Boolean algebra in these circuits. The document also includes references and acknowledgments for the author's educational experience.

Uploaded by

subham26831549
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Basics of Number Systems and Digital Logic Gates

BY
Shuvam Chakraborty
University roll no. 17601623005
Course: Digital Electronics
Course code: PC-EE 402
Year: 2nd
Semester: 4th
Department of Electrical Engineering
Hooghly Engineering & Technology College
2024-25
CA-1
Number Systems in Digital Electronics

 Digital electronics has brought about a technology revolution, which has tremendously impacted modern
lifestyle. Right from the smartwatches to the electric vehicles, all work on the principles of digital electronics.
 Digital electronics differ from analog electronics in that they use a high-value range, and a low-value range for
their operation.
 For this they use the ‘binary number system’. Humans on the other hand use the ‘decimal number system’.
 Moreover, the ‘octal number system’ and the ‘hexadecimal number system’ can be used to represent binary data
in compact form.
 Hence it is clear that an understanding of different number systems are essential to work with digital electronics.
Number Systems in Digital Electronics

 The decimal number system: The symbols 0 to 9 each represent a corresponding numerical value, with which
we all are familiar with. Since there are 10 such symbols, we call this system base 10.
 To represent a number greater than nine (9), we move one place left, to represent each consecutive power of ten
(10). So, for example, the number 236 actually means [{2*(10^2)}+{3*(10^1)}+{6*(10^0)}], and so on.
 Moreover, to represent numbers less than one (1) but more than zero (0), we use the decimal point, and move
one place right for each subsequent lower power of 10. So, for example, the number 23.25 is actually
[{2*(10^1)}+{3*(10^0)}+{2*(10^(-1))}+{5*(10^(-2))}], and so on.
 The binary number system: There are only two digits; 0 and 1. Each digit is called a bit. A number is written
from right to left, with each progressing place having an additional value of power of two. Example: 101 means
[{1*(2^2)}+0*(2^1)}+{1*(2^0)}], or 5, in decimal, and so on. It is base-two system.
 Similarly, the octal, and the hexadecimal systems, are 8-base and 16-base systems respectively.

Decimal to Binary conversion Binary to Decimal conversion


Logic Gates

 Digital circuits need to be able to process signals that they receive. They do so, with the help of circuit
arrangements called logic gates.
 Each logic gate, after receiving an input, process upon it according to the desired function of the gate.
 Gates are named by their input-processing characteristic.
 An important point is that since digital electronics work on binary values, both the input and the output data of
the gates are also binary in nature.
 Therefore, we can apply the principles of ‘Boolean algebra’; which draws truth-hood or falsehood of a statement
based on the conjunctive properties of the statement; in digital circuits.
 We do so by assuming the lower value (0 in positive logic) is False and the upper value (1 in positive logic) is
True.
References

 Digital Principles and Applications by Donald P Leach and Albert Paul Malvino
 Modern Digital Electronics by R.P. Jain

Acknowledgements
I would like to thank HETC for giving me this opportunity to work on this assignment which has enhanced my
knowledge on the subject-matter.

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