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Introduction To Algebra

The document provides an introduction to algebra, focusing on simplifying expressions by collecting like terms and using logical reasoning to generalize solutions. It emphasizes the importance of algebra in scientific and technical innovation, illustrating its applications in various fields. Key concepts include identifying like terms, forming algebraic expressions, and using patterns to create generalizations.

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37 views18 pages

Introduction To Algebra

The document provides an introduction to algebra, focusing on simplifying expressions by collecting like terms and using logical reasoning to generalize solutions. It emphasizes the importance of algebra in scientific and technical innovation, illustrating its applications in various fields. Key concepts include identifying like terms, forming algebraic expressions, and using patterns to create generalizations.

Uploaded by

alizay.salim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Algebra

Intro to
Algebra
Learning Objective
To simplify expressions by collecting like terms

Success Criteria
• To identify like terms in simple expressions.
• To simplify expressions containing more than one variable.
• To present a solution in its simplest terms.
Unit 4: Coordinated Attack (Algebra &
Logical Reasoning)
Key Concept: Logic
Related Concept: Pattern, Generalization
Global Context: Global Context (Scientific and Technical
Innovation)

Statement of Inquiry:

Logical reasoning and algebraic patterns enable us to generalize solutions, driving


scientific and technical innovation in solving real-world problems.

Key Concept: Logic

 Logic is about using clear thinking and reasoning to solve problems.

 In math, logic helps us find patterns, make predictions, and ensure our
solutions are correct.

 Example: If you always wake up at 7 AM and take 30 minutes to get ready,


Related Concepts: Pattern & Generalization

1. Pattern:

o Patterns help us recognize repeated structures in numbers,


shapes, and equations.

o Example: If a taxi charges $5 as a base fare and $2 per


kilometer, there’s a pattern in the total cost.

2. Generalization:

o Once we see a pattern, we can generalize it into a formula


or rule that works in all cases.

o Example: Instead of calculating the cost of a taxi ride each


time, we can generalize it with a formula: Total Cost=5+2x
where x is the number of kilometers.
Global Context: Scientific & Technical Innovation

 Mathematics is a powerful tool in science and technology,


helping us make innovations.

 Algebra is used in computer programming, engineering,


physics, and even medicine.
Example: GPS navigation systems use algebraic equations to
calculate the shortest route
Statement of Inquiry:

"Logical reasoning and algebraic patterns enable us to generalize


solutions, driving scientific and technical innovation in solving real-world
problems."

 Logical thinking helps scientists and engineers create formulas and


equations to solve problems.

 When we recognize a pattern, we can generalize it to create models.

 These models help solve real-world problems in fields like medicine,


engineering, and artificial intelligence.

Think about disease prediction: Scientists use algebra to track virus spread
Why Do I Need Algebra?
Algebra has many uses. It is applied in the development of computer
software and video games, as well as in the construction of buildings.
An algebraic expression is like a mathematical sentence without an equal
sign. It contains numbers, variables (letters that stand for numbers), and
operations (like +, –, ×, ÷).

🔹 Break it down:

• Variable: A letter that represents a number (e.g., x, y)


• Coefficient: The number multiplying a variable (e.g., in 5y, 5
is the coefficient)
• Constant: A number that stays the same (e.g., in 5y – 7, the
-7 is a constant)
• Term: Each part of the expression separated by + or – (e.g.,
5y and -7)
Starting to Use Algebra

We want to find out the total cost of these shoes.


Each pair is the same price.

We could use the letter f to represent the cost of 1 pair.


How many pairs have we got?

We have 3 pairs, so the total cost is 3f.

f + f + f = 3f
The Rules
Henry buys 4 apples. He then buys another 3 apples.
How much do they cost altogether?

Letters are used to represent variables; for this problem, we are going
to let the letter a stand for the cost of an apple.

The cost of 4 apples (a + a + a + a) is 4a, and 3 apples (a + a + a) is 3a.


Since Henry buys only apples, we only need the variable a.

This is called collecting like terms, and allows us to use a simple


calculation to find the solution:

4a + 3a = 7a
Key Terms
variable – a number with an as-yet unknown value.
like terms – terms that have the same variables raised to the same power.
Your Turn
a. a + a + a a. a + a + a = 3a

b. b + b b. b + b = 2b

c. 2a + 5a c. 2a + 5a = 7a

d. 6b + b d. 6b + b = 7b

e. 2b – b e. 2b – b = b

f. 3b – 5b f. 3b – 5b = -2b

g. 3a + 2a – a g. 3a + 2a – a = 4a

Tip: If we only have 1 of something, we simply write the letter: b instead


of 1b.
We can subtract terms as well as add them.
The Rules
I want to work out the total cost of a number of apples and bananas.

Let’s begin by assigning a variable to each fruit. We’ll use a for the
cost of an apple and b for the cost of a bunch of bananas.

We now need to count up what we have: 5 apples and 3 bunches of


bananas:
(a + a + a + a + a) + (b + b + b).

Collecting like terms gives us 5a and 3b.


So the total cost of the apples and bananas is 5a + 3b.

Remember: we do not know how much each apple or banana costs, so


we can only collect the like terms to form an expression for the total
cost.

Equally, since a and b are different variables, we cannot simply add


Your Turn
a. x + x + x + y + y + y a. x + x + x + y + y + y = 3x + 3y

b. 4p – p – p – p – p + 2p b. 4p – p – p – p – p + 2p = 2p

c. 9x + 2y + 5z – 5x + 3z – 3y c. 9x + 2y + 5z – 5x + 3z – 3y = 4x –
y + 8z
Expression Games
Cut out the Matching Cards.

You should have 16 cards.

Each card matches with another card. You should have a


pair: one card is its partner expressed in its simplest
form.

Collect the like terms to find the 8 pairs.


Answers
Cut out the Matching Cards.
a+a+a+a = 4a

b + 2a + 3b – a = a + 4b

2a + 5b – 3a + 6b = 11b – a

7a + 5a – 3b – b = 12a – 4b

a + 7b + 5c – 5b + 3a = 4a + 2b + 5c

-4a – 2b – 3a – 6b = -7a – 8b

2a – 3b + 5b + b = 2a + 3b

5a + 4b – 2b + 3a – 5b + 2a = 10a – 3b

Remember: the function in front of the variable is important.


If we are subtracting the variable, we treat it as a negative number.
Memory Pairs
Shuffle one set of cards and place them face down on the table. You
only need one set of cards between you.

With your partner, decide who will go first.

Player One turns over 2 cards.

If they match, they claim that pair of cards.

If they do not match, turn them back face down.

Player Two now has their turn.

Keep going until all the cards are claimed.

The winner is the person with the most pairs of cards.


2D Perimeters
Give a fully simplified expression for the perimeter of each of the
shapes.
a b f c.
4y
. . 10p
s s
2y 2y 4f 4f
10p
4y
f
d e f.
3m 3b
. . 5g 5g
n n 2c 2c
7m 3h
3b
g h i. 3x – y
. t t . 4x
2y x x
z
4s 4s z y y
2y
3s 4x 3x – y
Answers
a. 12y

b. 10f

c. 20p + 2s

d. 10m + 2n

e. 6b + 4c

f. 10g + 3h

g. 11s + 2t

h. 8x + 4y + 2z

i. 8x

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