Software Quality Assurance &

Process

Training Team

Mr. Abdul Saboor Sheikh

Mr. Hurrair
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Agenda

• Discuss sources of failures, such as

in terms of poor communication
between teams, virtual
environment and dependencies
version incompatibility.

• Describe approval process before

final deployment.

• Describe and explain functions and

roles in unit testing, integration
testing and system testing.

• Discuss common tools used in SQA.

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What is a SQA ?

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Introduction

• Software Quality Assurance (SQA) ensures that software products

meet defined quality standards before deployment.

• It involves systematic monitoring, evaluation, and improvement of

software processes.

• A well-defined SQA process leads to better reliability, maintainability,

and security.

• Real-World Example: NASA’s Mars Climate Orbiter failed due to a

metric-imperial unit conversion issue, highlighting the importance of
rigorous SQA in mission-critical systems.

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Case: NASA’s Mars Climate Orbiter Failure (1999)

What Happened?

• NASA’s spacecraft crashed into Mars because one engineering team used metric units,
while another used imperial units.

Impact:

• The $125 million mission failed because of a simple miscommunication.

Root Cause:

• Lack of a unified communication process between teams using different measurement

standards.

• No verification step to ensure system compatibility.

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Sources of Failures

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Case: Knight Capital’s $440 Million Trading Loss (2012)

What Happened?
Knight Capital, a major financial services firm, deployed a new software update to its
high-frequency trading system. However, due to miscommunication between teams, a
crucial part of the old code was left running.

Impact:

• The system started making unintended trades, causing Knight Capital to lose $440
million in 45 minutes.

• The company had to be acquired to survive.

Root Cause:

• Poor internal communication between the deployment team and the development
team.

• Lack of proper deployment validation processes.

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Sources of Failures in Software Development

• Poor Communication Between Teams

• Challenges in Virtual Environments
• Dependency & Version Incompatibility

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Poor Communication between teams

Causes:

•Misinterpretation of requirements between business analysts,

developers, and testers.

•Lack of proper documentation and unclear objectives.

•Differences in expectations between teams.

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Poor Communication between teams

Solution:

•Use Agile & Scrum methodologies to ensure constant

communication.

•Collaboration tools like Slack, Jira, and Microsoft Teams.

•Regular meetings (Daily Stand-ups, Sprint Reviews) to align

teams.

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Challenges in virtual Environment

Causes:

•Distributed teams in different time zones leading to delays.

•Lack of face-to-face communication affects collaboration.

•Difficulty in testing software under different real-world

environments (OS, network, hardware).

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Challenges in virtual Environment

•Boeing 737 Max Software Failure (2019): Remote teams working

on the aircraft’s MCAS (Maneuvering Characteristics
Augmentation System) had incomplete information.

•Software defects led to two fatal crashes due to incorrect flight

stabilization logic.

•Lesson: Virtual teams must have access to a centralized repository of

documentation and test environments.

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Challenges in virtual Environment

Solution:

•Use cloud-based testing platforms like BrowserStack, Sauce

Labs.

•Adopt virtual collaboration tools like Confluence, Microsoft Teams.

•Implement remote pair programming for better code reviews.

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Dependency & Version Incompatibility

Causes:

•Using outdated or incompatible libraries in the software.

•External API changes breaking existing functionality.

•Lack of proper version control for dependencies.

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Dependency & Version Incompatibility

•Uber App Failure (2018):

•A critical third-party API update broke Uber’s payment gateway,

causing massive downtime.

•Lesson: Regular dependency updates, backward compatibility testing,

and proper dependency management prevent such failures.

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Dependency & Version Incompatibility

Solution:

•Use Dependency Management Tools:

• Maven, Gradle (Java)

• NPM, Yarn (JavaScript)

• pip (Python)

•Implement Version Control with Containers:

• Docker, Kubernetes to ensure consistent environments.

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Approval Process
Before Final
Deployment

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Approval Process Before Final Deployment
Standard Approval Process

Before deploying software to production, it must go through:

1.Requirement Validation

1. Ensure that business and technical teams have agreed on the scope.

2. Example: Tesla verifies firmware updates across different car models

before pushing OTA (Over-the-Air) updates.

2.Code Review

1. Peer review by developers to check for coding standards & security issues.

2. Example: Google uses Gerrit for code reviews to maintain high coding
standards in Android and Search projects.
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Approval Process Before Final Deployment
Standard Approval Process

Before deploying software to production, it must go through:

1. Requirement Validation

1. Ensure that business and technical teams have agreed on the scope.

2. Example: Tesla verifies firmware updates across different car models

before pushing OTA (Over-the-Air) updates.

2. Code Review

1. Peer review by developers to check for coding standards & security issues.

2. Example: Google uses Gerrit for code reviews to maintain high coding
standards in Android and Search projects.
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Approval Process Before Final Deployment
Before deploying software to production, it must go through:

3. Testing Stages

1. Unit Testing → Integration Testing → System Testing → User Acceptance

Testing (UAT).

2. Example: Microsoft’s Windows Update testing in sandbox environments

before rollout.

4. Security & Compliance Checks

3. Penetration Testing, GDPR, ISO 27001 compliance for security-critical

applications.

4. Example: Financial apps like PayPal undergo strict PCI DSS audits before
deployment.
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Approval Process Before Final Deployment
Before deploying software to production, it must go through:

5. User Acceptance Testing (UAT)

1. Testing by actual end-users to ensure the software meets expectations.

2. Example: Apple beta releases iOS updates to a small group of users before the final launch.

6. Release Approval Meeting

3. Final sign-off from QA, DevOps, and Product Teams.

4. Example: Netflix has "war rooms" where teams assess potential risks before deploying
major changes.

7. Deployment in Production

5. Deployment strategies:

1. Blue-Green Deployment: Rolling out new updates to a small percentage of users.

2. Canary Deployment: Releasing features in phases to detect potential issues early.

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 unit testing,
integration testing and
system testing.

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Types of testing

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Types of Testing
Different Types of Software Testing Techniques

1.Black box Testing: Testing in which the tester doesn’t have access to the source
code of the software and is conducted at the software interface without any concern
with the internal logical structure of the software known as black-box testing.

2.White box Testing: Testing in which the tester is aware of the internal workings of
the product, has access to its source code, and is conducted by making sure that all
internal operations are performed according to the specifications is known as white
box testing.

3.Grey Box Testing: Testing in which the testers should have knowledge of
implementation, however, they need not be experts.

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Levels of testing
Different Levels of Software Testing

Software level testing can be majorly classified into 4 levels:

1.Unit Testing: It a level of the software testing process where individual units/components of a
software/system are tested. The purpose is to validate that each unit of the software performs as designed.

2.Integration Testing: It is a level of the software testing process where individual units are combined and
tested as a group. The purpose of this level of testing is to expose faults in the interaction between integrated
units.

3.System Testing: It is a level of the software testing process where a complete, integrated system/software
is tested. The purpose of this test is to evaluate the system’s compliance with the specified requirements.

4.Acceptance Testing: It is a level of the software testing process where a system is tested for acceptability.
The purpose of this test is to evaluate the system’s compliance with the business requirements and assess
whether it is acceptable for delivery.

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Unit Testing

Unit Testing

•Definition: Testing individual functions/modules in isolation.

•Responsibility: Developers.

•Tools: JUnit (Java), NUnit (.NET), pytest (Python).

•Example: Amazon tests its recommendation algorithm’s individual

functions before integrating.

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Integration Testing

Integration Testing

•Definition: Testing interactions between multiple

components/modules.

•Responsibility: Developers & Test Engineers.

•Tools: Selenium, Postman (API Testing).

•Example: Netflix tests API communication between user interface,

payment gateway, and video streaming services.

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System Testing
System Testing

✅ Tests the complete, integrated system to verify if it meets functional and non-functional
requirements.
✅ Includes UI testing, security testing, performance testing, and end-to-end user flow
verification.

Example:

📌 Uber Ride Booking System

•Tests the entire ride-booking flow from searching for a ride to payment confirmation.

•System Test: Ensures that location services, driver allocation, fare calculation, and push
notifications work seamlessly.

•.

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Automated testing

✅ Faster than manual testing – Tests run in minutes instead of

hours.
✅ Reduces human errors – Eliminates mistakes caused by manual
testing.
✅ Scalable – Can test thousands of test cases at once.
✅ Cost-effective in the long run – Reduces rework and improves
code quality.
✅ Ensures Continuous Integration (CI) and Deployment (CD) –
Automatically tests every new code change.

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Common Tools
Used in SQA

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Common Tools Used in SQA

Popular SQA Tools

1.Test Automation Tools – Selenium, Cypress, Appium.

2.Bug Tracking Tools – JIRA, Bugzilla, Trello.

3.Continuous Integration Tools – Jenkins, GitHub Actions.

4.Security Testing Tools – OWASP ZAP, SonarQube.

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Case Study
In preparation for the holy month of Ramadan, Systems Limited is developing a "Ramadan Companion App" to help
users manage their fasting, prayer schedules, Qur’an reading, and charity donations. The app is designed to be
user-friendly, secure, and accessible, ensuring a seamless experience throughout Ramadan. It will be available on
both Android and iOS devices, allowing users to receive accurate prayer times based on their location. Users can
set reminders and customize notifications according to their preferences. To assist with fasting, the app includes a
fasting tracker where users can log their Suhoor and Iftar times. A countdown timer will display the remaining time
for each, helping users stay on schedule. The app also provides a Qur’an reading feature with daily verses and
Tafsir. Users can bookmark verses, listen to recitations, and share content with others. Additionally, a Zakat
Calculator helps users calculate their required Zakat based on income and savings. They can also track their
charity donations and donate directly to verified organizations.
The app features a Community Forum, allowing users to interact, share Ramadan experiences, and seek guidance.
Moderation tools will be in place to ensure that discussions remain respectful and informative. To maintain
branding consistency, the application ensures that the logo is always positioned at the top of the interface. Given
the expected high usage, the system must be capable of handling a large number of requests per second without
performance issues. To improve maintainability, the development team is committed to writing well-documented
code with proper comments, making future modifications easier. Security is a priority, with user data protected
through encryption, and authentication required for sensitive actions. The app also includes accessibility features
such as support for screen readers and font size adjustments to ensure usability for visually impaired users.
Additionally, to enhance user convenience, certain features like Qur’an reading and fasting tracking will be
available offline.
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Questions

Write test cases for login page of Ramadan Companion App.

Write any five-unit test cases for Ramadan Companion App

Name any three non-functional testing that QA engineer should

perform on Ramadan Companion App.

Is the Ramadan Companion App portable and scalable? Justify your

answer.

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