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Memories

Memory devices are essential for storing data in digital systems, classified into volatile and non-volatile types. Volatile memory, such as SRAM and DRAM, requires power to retain data, while non-volatile memory, including ROM and Flash, retains data without power. Understanding the structure, operations, and classifications of memory is crucial for efficient data management.

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Ruturaj Nakum
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22 views10 pages

Memories

Memory devices are essential for storing data in digital systems, classified into volatile and non-volatile types. Volatile memory, such as SRAM and DRAM, requires power to retain data, while non-volatile memory, including ROM and Flash, retains data without power. Understanding the structure, operations, and classifications of memory is crucial for efficient data management.

Uploaded by

Ruturaj Nakum
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MEMORIES

WHAT IS MEMORY?
• Memory devices store data temporarily or permanently.
• Used in digital systems like computers and hard disks to
store user data or control programs.
• To handle large data efficiently, memory devices must
have high capacity and be cost-effective.
STRUCTURE AND OPERATIONS OF
MEMORY
• Registers and Cells:
Registers form the fundamental units of memory.
Each register comprises cells, storing one bit per cell.
• Address and Capacity:
Memory locations are defined by unique addresses.
Capacity represents the total bits a memory unit can hold.
• Write & Read Operations:
Data transfer is facilitated via control, address, and data
lines.
BLOCK DIAGRAM

Data lines

Address lines

Memory unit
Rea
d

Write
CL ASSIFICATION

Memory

Volatile Memory Non-volatile Memory

Flash
PRO EPRO EEPR
SRAM DRAM ROM memo FRAM MRAM
M M OM ry
VOL ATILE MEMORY:
• Volatile memory is a type of computer memory that
requires a continuous power supply to retain data.
• All data is lost when the power is turned off.
• Used for temporary storage and high-speed operations.
TYPES OF VOL ATILE MEMORY:
• Static RAM (SRAM)
• Stores data using flip-flops.
• Faster and more reliable than DRAM.
• Used in cache memory.
• Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
• Stores data using capacitors.
• Requires periodic refreshing to retain data.
• Used as main memory in computers.
NON-VOL ATILE MEMORY
• Non-volatile memory is a type of memory that retains data
even when the power is turned off.
• It is used for long-term data storage in digital devices.
TYPES OF NON-VOL ATILE MEMORY:
• Read-Only Memory (ROM)
• Permanently stores system firmware.
• Variants:
• PROM: Can be programmed once.

• EPROM: Erased with UV light and reprogrammed.

• EEPROM: Erased and rewritten electrically.


CONTINUE....
• Flash Memory
• High-speed, rewritable memory.
• Used in USB drives, SSDs, and memory cards.
• Magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM)
• Combines non-volatility with high speed.
• Stores data using magnetic elements.
• Ferroelectric RAM (FRAM)
• Uses ferroelectric material for durability and efficiency.

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