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Lecture 3 Mcs 309 Mathematical Modelling

The document discusses mathematical modeling of salt dissolution in a tank and lake pollution, outlining the assumptions and methods for formulating differential equations (DE) for each scenario. It emphasizes the importance of creating compartment diagrams, writing word equations, and solving initial value problems (IVP) to analyze the concentration of salt and pollutants over time. Exercises are provided for practical application of the concepts, including solving DEs and sketching graphs of pollution levels.

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7 views23 pages

Lecture 3 Mcs 309 Mathematical Modelling

The document discusses mathematical modeling of salt dissolution in a tank and lake pollution, outlining the assumptions and methods for formulating differential equations (DE) for each scenario. It emphasizes the importance of creating compartment diagrams, writing word equations, and solving initial value problems (IVP) to analyze the concentration of salt and pollutants over time. Exercises are provided for practical application of the concepts, including solving DEs and sketching graphs of pollution levels.

Uploaded by

Lyall
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MC 309 Mathematical Modelling

Semester one Year 4 2019


Lecture 3
2.4 Salt dissolve in the tank
An example problem for Salt dissolve in the tank.
Extracted from Borelli and Coleman (1996)

Brine is term use to describe solution of salt and water.


A large tank contains 100L of salt water. Initially S0 kg of
salt is dissolved, salt water flows into the tank at a rate
of 10L /min and the concentration Cin(t) (kg of salt per
liter) of this incoming water-salt mixture varies with
time. We assume that the solution in the tank is
thoroughly mixed and that the salt solution flows out at
the same rate at which it flows in: that is, the volume of
water-salt mixture in the tank remain constant.
Formulating Model
Salt dissolve in the tank
Formulating Model
Salt dissolve in the tank

Assumptions;
We assume that the tank has a constant
volume V,
And that it is continuously well mixed so
that the salt solution is uniform thought-
out.
Rate at which water flows in is equal to
rate it flows out since we already assume
Formulating Models

Basic idea for formulating compartment models

1.Draw compartment diagram with rates of inputs and outputs


2. Write word equation describing basic input-output processes
3. Equate terms to mathematical symbols and solve.
• Note: represent variable with a box, inputs and outputs as arrows.
• Compartment diagram should be for the quantity that flows
(i.e. number of people; heat, not temperature; mass not concentration)
Formulating Model
Salt dissolve in the tank
Problem of salt dissolve on a tank.
Example 1: Find the DE for the amount of salt in
the tank at any time t. (Note that the concentration can
be defined as the mass of salt per unit volume of mixture.)
Formulating Model
Salt dissolve in the tank
Formulating Model
Salt dissolve in the tank
Home work Exercise
• Using the technique of integrating by factors, solve the IVP
(3) on the interval [0,t], in term of arbitrary function Cin(t).
• Hint multiply (Eq. 3 ) by the integrating factor
e t0 (1 / 10 ) ds
e ( t  0 ) /10 e t /10 ,
(IF)
Lake Pollution Model
Formulating Model
Lake Pollution

Learning Objectives;
Apply the Concept of modelling with
compartment and the balance law.
Formulate the DE for the model
Solve the IVP
Sketch graph of pollution level over
time
Formulating Model
Lake Pollution

1.Draw compartment diagram with rates of inputs


and outputs
2. Write word equation describing basic input-output
processes
3. Equate terms to symbols.
Formulating Model
Lake Pollution

Assumptions;
We assume that the lake has a constant
volume V,
And that it is continuously well mixed so
that the pollution is well mixed so that the
pollution is uniform thought-out.
Rate at which water flows in is equal to
rate it flows out since we already assume
Formulating Model
Lake Pollution
Formulating Model
Lake Pollution
• Now since M(t) =C(t)V we have that M’(t)V, since Volume (V)
is constant and hence that C’(t)=M’(t)/V.

• With this change of variable the differential equation


for the mass is transformed to a differential equation mass for
the concentration of the Pollutant in the lake.
Formulating Model
Lake Pollution

• Solve the differential Equation above with initial condition


C(0)=c0
EXERCISE
Lake Pollution

1. Solve the differential Equation above with initial condition C(0)=c0


TASK for Assessment

2. How long will it take for the lakes pollution level to reach 5% of its
initial level, if only fresh water flows into the lake.
3. What is the limit from Equation with IVP?
4. Sketch Graph of pollution Level over time?
Analytical Solutions Example
Which Technique, separation of Variable or
integrating factor can be used to solve this;
Formulating Model
Lake Pollution

Look Back;
Apply the Concept of modelling with
compartment and the balance law.
Formulate the DE for the model
Solve the IVP
Sketch graph of pollution level over
time
2.4 Lake Pollution Model.
Our General Compartment Model for Lake pollution will look like
this.

But before we develop the DE describing this process ,lets first


investigate simple model of salt solution in a tank.
Reference

• Barnes,B.& Fulford,G.R.(2008). Mathematical Modelling with Case


studies: A Differential Equations Approach using Maple and MATLAB,
(2nd ed.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL(USA).

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