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Research Methods

A research proposal is a structured document that outlines the research topic, its significance, and the proposed methodology. It should include a title page, introduction, background, literature review, research design, and an abstract summarizing the key points. The proposal aims to convince the supervisor of the research's suitability and manageability for the degree program.

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natasha muunganirwa
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17 views13 pages

Research Methods

A research proposal is a structured document that outlines the research topic, its significance, and the proposed methodology. It should include a title page, introduction, background, literature review, research design, and an abstract summarizing the key points. The proposal aims to convince the supervisor of the research's suitability and manageability for the degree program.

Uploaded by

natasha muunganirwa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to

research methods
Research proposal
Research proposal
• A research proposal is a simply structured formal document that explain what you want to
research(your research topic), why it is worth researching and how you plan to investigate.
• Its purpose is to convince the supervisor that your research is suitable and manageable for
the requirements of the degree program.
• A good research proposal need to cover the what, why and how.
• What-your proposal need to clearly provide your research topic.
• It needs to be specific and unambiguous (clear)-to show exactly what you want to
research about and must provide a detailed information.
• Why-it is not good enough to simply propose a topic.
• You will need to justify why you chose the topic ,what makes it unique and what gap in the
current literature does it fill.
• Also why it is important and what value it will give to the world(department)
• How-this clearly show how you will undertake the research.
• Is your research design appropriate for your topic.
• Is your research design manageable given the constrains, time, money and
expertise.
• Its generally not expected to provide a full fleshed research design at proposal stage
• You need to provide a high level view of research methodology and some key design
decisions.
• NB-will you take a qualitative or quantitative research approach.
• Will the research design be longitudinal or cross-sectional
• How will you collect your data
• How will you analyze the data
How is a research proposal
structured
• below are essential ingredients that typically make up the structure
of a research proposal
• A title page
• A rich introduction
• A good background to the proposed research
• A discussion of the scoop/delimitations of the research
• An initial literature review covering the key research in the area
• A discussion of the proposed research design(methodology)
• Final thoughts
Introduction/background section of a
research proposal
• In a research proposal , an introduction is a few paragraphs long.
It archives a few goals.
• It introduce your topic
• State the problem statement
• State the questions your research aim to answer
• Provide context for the research

• The background explains why your research is necessary and how it


relates to established research in your field
Abstract
• It’s a condensed version of a long piece writing that highlights the
major points
• Concisely describe the content and scoop of the writing and reviews
the writing contents in abbreviation form
• Typically 100-200 words and following a pattern
• Helps the reader to see if they can read the entire research
• Helps the reader and researcher to remember the key findings
• Helps the reader to understand the text by outlining key prior to
reading the full research document
Key elements included in the
abstract
• Background-a simple opening sentence or two putting the work in
context
• Aims- 1or 2 sentences giving purpose of the work
• Methods- 1or 2 sentences explaining what will be done(what are u
using)
• Results-1or 2 sentences indicating the main findings (what you hope to
accomplish with the project
• Conclusion-1 sentence giving the most important consequence of the
work.
• What do the result mean and how will they be used
Question answered
• Why do you want to do this research
• What will you do and how
• What did you expect to find
• What do the findings mean
Methodology
• It discusses and explains the data collection and analysis methods used in your
research
• It is the key part of the research paper that explains what you did and how you
did it allowing the readers to evaluate the reliability and validity of your
research
• The research methodology chapter should include the types of research you
conducted
• How you collected and analyzed your data
• Any tool or materials used in the research
• Why you chose these research methods
• It should be generally written in past tense
Literature review
• Its both a process and a product
• As a process it involves searching for information related to your topic
to familiarize yourself with the relevant research and to identify issues
in a research
• A literature review is a writing process of summing, synthesizing
and/or criticizing a literature found as a result of a literature research
• May be used as background or context for a primary research project
How to write literature review
• Think about what question other researchers has asked, what
methods they used and what they found
• What they recommended based on their findings
• Also you can challenge previous related research findings and access
what you believe to be missing in the previous research and explain
how your research will fill the gaps or extends previous research
Results and findings
• This now shows what you have uncovered from your research
• Reach text that is accompanied by evidence
• It is organized around the question
• It is done together with literature comparison

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