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L5 - 6 Formulation of Research Problem and Objective

The document outlines the complex process of formulating a research problem, which includes selecting a research area, reviewing literature, delimiting the topic, evaluating the problem, and formulating a final statement. It emphasizes the importance of clear, measurable research objectives and provides guidelines for crafting effective problem statements. Additionally, it introduces the FINER criteria and PICO format for developing research questions.

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17 views25 pages

L5 - 6 Formulation of Research Problem and Objective

The document outlines the complex process of formulating a research problem, which includes selecting a research area, reviewing literature, delimiting the topic, evaluating the problem, and formulating a final statement. It emphasizes the importance of clear, measurable research objectives and provides guidelines for crafting effective problem statements. Additionally, it introduces the FINER criteria and PICO format for developing research questions.

Uploaded by

harshvijayarora
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Formulation of Research

Problem
Formulation of Research Problem
 The formulation of research problem is rarely a smooth and orderly one; there
are likely to be false starts, inspirations and setbacks.

 It is a complex and long process, which includes following steps:-

 1) Selection of a research areas

 2) Reviewing the literature & theories

 3) Delimiting the research topic

 4) Evaluating the research problem

 5) Formulating final statement of research problem


Selection of a research areas

 Formulate of a research problem begins with selection of a


broad research topic from personal experience, literature,
previous research, & theories in which researcher is
interested & has significance for nursing profession.

 Example: A researcher got interested in Robotic


Reviewing the literature & theories
 After getting a broad idea for research, he or she needs to
review the nursing literature & theories.
 Literature is reviewed to know what has already been done
in this selected areas of research.
 Review of nursing theories provides an opportunity for
nurses researcher to plan a research problem to contribute
towards either testing or development of a
theory/conceptual model.
Delimiting the research topic

 In this step, researcher proceeds from a general area of


interest to more specific topic of research to conduct a study.

 Infusion is a very broad area, so in this step we have to


narrow down the topic from general to some specific ideas.
Evaluating the research problem

 Once researcher is clear about the specific research problem,


next the research problem must be carefully evaluated for its
significance, researchability, & feasibility.

 Feasibility of the research problem should be evaluated for


time, cost, availability of subjects & resources, administrative &
peer support, ethical consideration, & researcher’s competence
& interest.
Formulating final statement of research
problem

 After establishing the significance, researchability, &


feasibility, then researcher finally formulates a final statement
of a research problem.

 A statement of research problem could be in declarative or


interrogative format.
Formulating final statement of research
problem

 a. Declarative format: In this format, a research problem is


stated in declarative statement or sentence.

 For example: a study to compare the effectiveness of


selected nursing interventions on patients with phlebitis
related to peripheral intravenous infusion in selected hospitals
at TN.
Formulating final statement of research
problem

 b. Interrogative format: In interrogative format, a research


problem is stated in question form.

 For example: what is the influence of selected nursing


interventions on patients with phlebitis related to peripheral
intravenous infusion in selected hospitals at TN.
Characteristics of a Good Problem

 Research problem is clearly, precisely articulated. o It clearly states


the variables, population, & research setting under study.

 Variable are expressed in measurable terms.

 The type of study also may be included in the statement of


research problem.

 Example: A survey to examine the opinion of teachers of TN on


women and men taking up nursing as career during the year 2021-
2022. This can be stated in a better way like Title: “Opinion about
women and men taking up Nursing”
Guidelines for critiquing the problem
statement
 Is the problem statement clear?

 Is the problem statement written in a single declarative or


interrogatory sentence

 Are the following elements vivid in the problem statement?

 –Research design

 –Variables of the study and relationship between variables

 Are the following elements vivid in the problem statement?

 –Population –Setting –Time –Direction of the study


Guidelines for critiquing the problem
statement
 Is the feasibility of the study apparent when reading the problem
statement?
 Is the significance of the study to nursing apparent in the problem
statement.
 Does the problem have any ethical issues

 Has the researcher appropriately delimited the scope of the


problem and checked the feasibility
 The FINER (Feasible, Interesting, Novel, Ethical, Relevant ) criteria outline the important
aspects of the question in general.

 A useful format to use in the development of a specific research question is the PICO
format.

 P - Population (patients in BM, Customers in Food)- What specific patient population are
you interested in?

 I - Intervention (for intervention studies only) - What is your investigational intervention?


Problem

 C - Comparison group - What is the main alternative to compare with the intervention?

 O - Outcome of interest - What do you intend to accomplish, measure, improve or affect?


Often

 Time is added to it which means

 T -Time What is the appropriate follow-up time to assess outcome


Research Objectives
 Research is an organized investigation of a problem in which there is an attempt to

gain solution to a problem.

 get right solution of a right problem, clearly defined objectives are very important.

Clearly defined objectives enlighten the way in which the researcher has to proceed.

 MEANING ‘A research objective is a clear, concise, declarative statement, which

provides direction to investigate the variables.’ Generally research objective focus

on the ways to measure the variables , such as to identify or describe them.

 Sometime objectives are directed towards identifying the relationship or difference

between two variables.


Research Objective

 Research objective are the results sought by the


researcher at the end of the research process,
 i.e. what the researcher will be able to achieve at the end
of the research study.
 The objectives of a research project summarize what is to
be achieved by the study.
Characteristics of Research Objectives
 Research objectives is a concrete statement describing what the
research is trying to achieve.

 A well-worded objective will be SMART, i.e. Specific, Measurable,


Attainable, Realistic, & Time-bound.

 Research objective should be Relevant, Feasible, Logical,


Observable, Unequivocal & Measurable. Objective is a purpose that
can be reasonably achieved within the expected timeframe & with the
available resources. The objective include obtaining answers to
research questions or testing the research hypothesis.
Need of Research Objectives

Focus
 Will concentrate on the ways to achieve the result.
Avoid  avoid collation of unwanted information.

Organize  Helps to organize the study in clearly defined parts or


phases.
Directions  Helps to orient the various steps in study.
Types of Research Objectives

 General objective General objectives are broad goals to be


achieved.

 The general objectives of the study state what the researcher


expects to achieve by the study in general terms.

 General objectives are usually less in number.

 Eg: To determine the factors associated with increased number of


diarrheal cases among under fives at X village.
Types of Research Objectives

 Specific objective: Specific objectives are short term &


narrow in focus.

 It describes the variables that are measured by the study.

 there will be mostly more than one specific objective for a


study.

 Eg: To find out methods used for excreta disposal To


determine the feeding habits of under fives
Types of Research Objectives

 Research statement: “Effectiveness of planned teaching on


the knowledge of staff nurses working in psychiatric unit
regarding Physical Restraints for psychiatric patient in
selected hospital of X region”.

 General objective: To asses the knowledge of staff nurses


working in psychiatric unit regarding physical restraint.
Types of Research Objectives

 Specific objective: Examples

 To assess the knowledge regarding Physical Restraints among


nurses working in psychiatric unit.

 To evaluate the effect of planned teaching on Physical


Restraints among nurses.

 To associate the knowledge with selected demographic


variables.
METHODS OF STATING OBJECTIVES
 While stating objectives of the study, the following guidelines
must be taken care of:

 The objectives should be presented briefly & concisely.

 They cover the different aspects of the problem & its


contributing factors in a coherent way & in a logical sequence.

 The objectives are clearly phrased in operational terms,


specifying exactly what researcher is going to do, where, & for
what purpose.
METHODS OF STATING OBJECTIVES

 They are realistic considering local conditions.

 Use action verbs that are specify enough to be evaluated.


Conclusion

 A research problem is a perplexing situation that a researcher


wants to address through disciplined inquiry.

 Researchers usually identifies a broad topic, narrow the


problems scope, and identify questions.

 A research question is the specific query researchers want to


answer in addressing the research problem

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