APPLICATIONS AND

PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Er. P. GOPALAKRISHNAN M.E.(Structure).,(PhD)
Founder & Chief Structural Engineer

A Smart Way to Build . . .

 ENGINEER…

 A PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER IS COMPETENT

BY VIRTUE OF HIS/HER FUNDAMENTAL
EDUCATION AND TRAINING TO APPLY THE
SCIENTIFIC METHOD AND OUTLOOK TO THE
ANALYSIS AND SOLUTION OF ENGINEERING
PROBLEMS.
 ENGINEERS DEVELOP NEW
TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS.
 ENGINEERS APPLY TECHNIQUES
OF ENGINEERING ANALYSIS IN TESTING,
PRODUCTION OR MAINTENANCE.
 ARCHITECTS
 AN ARCHITECT IS A PERSON WHO PLANS,
DESIGNS AND REVIEWS THE CONSTRUTION
OF BUILDINGS.
 ARCHITECTURE IS BOTH THE PROCESS AND
THE BUILDING PLANNING, DESIGNING AND
CONSTRUCTING BUILDING.
 CIVIL ENGINEER
 A CIVIL ENGINEER IS A RESPONSIBLE
PERSON FOR PLANNING AND DESIGN OF
THE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF THE
BUILDING FROM A GIVEN DRAWING.
 HE TRANSFORM HIS IDEAS AS A DRWAING
ON A PAPER INTO A STRUCTURE ON THE
GROUND.
 HISTORY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
 Engineering has been an aspect of
life since the beginnings of human
existence. The earliest practice of
civil engineering may have
commenced between 4000 and 2000
BC in Ancient Egypt, the Indus Valley
Civilization, and
Mesopotamia creating a need for the
construction of shelter. During this
time, transportation became
increasingly important leading to the
EGYPT
INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION
MESOPOTAMIA
 CIVIL ENGINEERING
 Civil engineering is a Professional
Engineering discipline that deals with
the design, construction, and
maintenance of the physical and
naturally built environment, including
public works such as roads, bridges,
canals, dams, airports, sewerage
systems, pipelines, structural
components of buildings and
railways.
 CIVIL ENGINEERING
 Civil engineering is knowledge of
Structures, Materials science,
Geography, Geology, Soils,
Hydrology, Environment, Mechanics
of Solids and other fields.
 Although civil engineering is a
profession that generally focuses on
creating physical manmade
structures, it is an extremely broad
field that encompasses multiple sub-
disciplines
 SUB-DISCIPLINES OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
 Construction Engineering.
 Structural Engineering.
Earthquake engineering
Wind engineering
Ocean engineering
 Transportation Engineering:
Traffic engineering
Highway engineering
Railway systems engineering
 SUB-DISCIPLINES OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
 Environmental Engineering.
Ecological engineering
Fire protection engineering
Sanitary Engineering
Wastewater Engineering
 Water Resources Engineering.
Hydraulic engineering
River engineering
Coastal engineering
Groundwater engineering
 SUB-DISCIPLINES OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
 Surveying
 Tunnel Engineering
Civil engineers who specialize in tunnel
engineering are responsible for the
planning, designing, construction, safety
and maintenance of tunnels
 Coastal Engineering
This branch of civil engineering deals with
coastal and marine structures.
 SUB-DISCIPLINES OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
 Geotechnical Engineering.
Foundation Engineering
Mining engineering
 Forensic engineering
It has been defined as "the investigation of failures” -
ranging from serviceability to catastrophic - which may lead
to legal activity, including both civil and criminal
 Materials science and engineering
It studies fundamental characteristics of
materials.
 CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING

 This civil engineering branch deals with the

planning, construction and maintenance of
structures and execution, transportation of
materials, site development based on hydraulic,
environmental, structural and geotechnical
engineering.
 The primary role of a construction engineer is to
manage and oversee an entire construction
project.
 Their daily tasks are likely to involve evaluating
logistical operations, reviewing contracts and
coordinating contractors.
CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING
 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

 Structural engineering involves studying

and analysing the design of structures like
bridges, flyovers, marine structures and
skyscrapers.
 When designing a building, the engineers
must consider multiple factors for the cost
and constructability, strength and stability.
 They also need to make sure the building is
designed to withstand environmental factors
like earthquakes, floods and aggressive
winds.
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
 TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING

 Civil engineers that specialize in transportation

engineering will work with the planning,
construction and management of transportation
facilities.
 Civil engineers that specialize in transportation
engineering will work with the planning,
construction and management of transportation
facilities.
 There are six divisions related to transportation
engineering: highway, air transportation,
waterway, aerospace, coastal & ocean and
urban transportation.
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
 GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

 Geotechnical engineering studies rock and

soil supporting civil engineering systems.
 These engineers must have vast
knowledge of soil science, material science
as well as the mechanics and hydraulics
involved in safely designing a range of
structures and buildings
 It deals with below ground foundations
that support superstructures
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

 This civil engineering type is the study of

environment friendly designs, pollution and their
resolutions and sewage management.
 Design, monitoring and construction of ecosystems
 To protect people and environments from fire and
smoke
 The application of engineering methods to improve
sanitation of human communities
 Wastewater engineering also deals with the
transportation and cleaning
of blackwater, greywater, and irrigation water.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
 WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING
 It is the scientific study of the movement,
distribution and management of water on
Earth including the water cycle,
water resources and environmental
watershed sustainability.
 It is a sub-discipline of civil engineering is
concerned with the flow and conveyance
of fluids, principally water and sewage
 To design of bridges, dams, channels,
canals, and levees, and to both sanitary
and environmental engineering.
WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING
 SURVEYING

 This type of civil engineering branch handles the

surveying and levelling of land by using different
instruments to map and contour the terrain.
 To locate and measure property lines, lay out buildings,
bridges, channels, highways, and pipelines for
constructions.
 Land surveying
 Construction surveying.
 Geotechnical survey is the first step in the
construction or consolidation of a site. It includes
information about soil consistency and structure,
groundwater level and recommendations for the
technical project
SURVEYING
 BUILDINGS…

 A BUILDING IS A STRUCTURE THAT IS BUILT.

 ANY BUILDINGS ESSENTIAL COMPILES TWO
PARTS
 SUB-STRUCTURE
 SUPER-STRUCTURE.
 A BUILDING HAVING A SINGLE OR MULTI-
STOREYED STRUCTURE.
 BUILDINGS HAVING THE VARIETY OF
SHAPES, SIZES AND FUNCTIONS.
 TYPES OF BUILDING
 RESIDENTIAL
 COMMERCIAL
 INDUSTRIAL
 INSTITUTIONAL
 EDUCATIONAL
 AGRICULTURAL
 ASSEMBLY
 STORAGE & PARKING
 INFRASTRUCTURE
 GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS & etc…
 STRUCTURES…
 A COMBINATION OF MEMBERS
CONNECTED TOGETHER .
 A SYSTEM OF INTER CONNECTED
MEMBERS ASSEMBLED IN A STABLE
CONFIGURATION AND USED TO SUPPORT A
LOAD OR COMBINATION OF LOADS.
 TYPES OF STRUCTURES:
 FRAMED STRUCTURE.
 LOAD-BEARING STRUCTURE.
 WHAT IS MEANT BY?
 PLAN
 ESTIMATE
 VALUATION
 STUCTURAL ANALYSIS
 STUCTURAL DESIGN
 CONSULTANT
 PMC
 CONTRACTOR
 MISTRI
 LABOURS
TYPES OF STRUCTURE
LOADS TRANSFER TO STRUCTURE
SLABS SYSTEM
SLAB, BEAM & COLUMN
 STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS:

 SUPER STRUCTURE
 WALLS
 SLABS
 FLEXURAL MEMBER - BEAMS
 COMPRESSION MEMBER - COLUMNS
 SUB-STRUCTURE
 FOUNDATION - FOOTING
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
CATILEVER STEEL STAIRCASE
HANGING WALL / CORNER WINDOW
CANTILEVER SLAB AT ROOF LEVEL–5.5 X 10.5 M
CANTILEVER SLAB AT ROOF LEVEL–5.5 X 10.5 M
CANTILEVER SLAB AT ROOF LEVEL–4.5 X 5.5 M
 EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS
 Communication and interpersonal
 Problem solving
 Using your initiative and being self-motivated
 Working under pressure and to deadlines
 Organisational skills
 Team working
 Numeracy
 Negotiation skills & Communication.
 Planning and organising.
 Self-management.
 Learning.
 Technology.
 SOURCES
 Wikipedia

 BMR Solutions

 CivilEngineeringBible

 Geo Serv.ro

 Our mind....!