1.PIOT Unit I PPT
1.PIOT Unit I PPT
Internet of Things(IOT)
B.TECH VI Semester (R 18)
MODULE – 1
SYLLABUS :
Characteristics of IoT
Introduction
Definition of IoT:
A dynamic global network infrastructure with self-configuring
capabilities based on standard and interoperable communication
protocols where physical and virtual "things" have identities, physical
attributes, and virtual personalities and use intelligent interfaces, and
are seamlessly integrated into the information network, often
communicate data associated with users and their environments.
CHARACTERISTICS OF IOT
Dynamic & Self-Adapting : IoT devices and systems may have the
capability to dynamically adapt with the changing contexts and take
actions based on their operating conditions, user’s context, or
sensed environment.
Self-Configuring : Ability to configure themselves (in association
with the IoT infrastructure).
Interoperable Communication Protocols : IoT devices support a
number of interoperable communication protocols.
Unique Identity : Each IoT device has a unique identity and a unique
identifier(such as an IP address (or) a URI)
Integrated into Information Network :
-IoT devices can be dynamically discovered in the network, by other
devices and/or the network, and have the capability to describe
The "Things" in IoT usually refers to IoT devices which have unique
identities and can perform remote sensing, actuating and
monitoring capabilities.
IoT devices can:
• Exchange data with other connected devices and applications
(directly or indirectly).
• Collect data from other devices and process the data locally.
• Send the data to centralized servers or cloud-based application
back-ends for processing the data.
• Perform some tasks locally and other tasks within the IoT
infrastructure, based on temporal and space constraints.
GENERIC BLOCK DIAGRAM OF AN IOT DEVICE
GENERIC BLOCK DIAGRAM OF AN IOT DEVICE
• Stateless: Each request from client to server must contain all the info. Necessary to
understand the request, and cannot take advantage of any stored context on the server.
• Cache-able: Cache constraint requires that the data within a response to a request be
implicitly or explicitly labeled as cache-able or non-cacheable. If a response is cache-able,
then a client cache is given the right to reuse that response data for later, equivalent requests.
• Layered System: constraints the behavior of components such that each component cannot
see beyond the immediate layer with which they are interacting.
• User Interface: constraint requires that the method of communication between a client and
a server must be uniform.
• Code on Demand: Servers can provide executable code or scripts for clients to execute in
their context. This constraint is the only one that is optional.
WebSocket-based Communication APIs
WebSocket-based Communication APIs
A level-2 IoT system has a single node that performs sensing and/or
actuation and local analysis.
Data is stored in the cloud and application is usually cloud-based.
Level-2 IoT systems are suitable for solutions where the data
involved is big, however, the primary analysis requirement is not
computationally intensive and can be done locally itself.
IoT LEVEL-3
IoT LEVEL-3
A level-3 IoT system has a single node. Data is stored and analyzed
in the cloud and application is cloud-based.
Level-3 IoT systems are suitable for solutions where the data
involved is big and the analysis requirements are computationally
intensive and analysis need to be done on cloud.
IoT LEVEL-4
IoT LEVEL-4
A level-4 IoT system has multiple nodes that perform local analysis.
Data is stored in the cloud and application is cloud-based.
Level-4 contains local and cloud-based observer nodes which can
subscribe to and receive information collected in the cloud from IoT
devices.
Level-4 IoT systems are suitable for solutions where multiple nodes
are required, the data involved is big and the analysis requirements
are computationally intensive.
IoT LEVEL-5
IoT LEVEL-5
A level-5 IoT system has multiple end nodes and one coordinator
node.
The end nodes that perform sensing and/or actuation.
Coordinator node collects data from the end nodes and sends to
the cloud.
Data is stored and analyzed in the cloud and application is cloud-
based.
Level-5 IoT systems are suitable for solutions based on wireless
sensor networks, in which the data involved is big and the analysis
requirements are computationally intensive.
IoT LEVEL-6
IoT LEVEL-6
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