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Advanced Materials Lecture 4 2020

The document discusses phase diagrams, focusing on binary isomorphous systems like Cu-Ni, and defines key concepts such as components, phases, equilibrium, and metastable systems. It explains the significance of phase diagrams in understanding the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties, as well as their role in processes like melting and solidification. Additionally, it covers the interpretation of phase diagrams, including phase regions, liquidus and solidus lines, and the lever rule for determining phase fractions.

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11 views13 pages

Advanced Materials Lecture 4 2020

The document discusses phase diagrams, focusing on binary isomorphous systems like Cu-Ni, and defines key concepts such as components, phases, equilibrium, and metastable systems. It explains the significance of phase diagrams in understanding the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties, as well as their role in processes like melting and solidification. Additionally, it covers the interpretation of phase diagrams, including phase regions, liquidus and solidus lines, and the lever rule for determining phase fractions.

Uploaded by

sully jebs
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENME

710
Advance
d
Materials
Phase
Diagram
Part 1
Phase Diagrams – Part 1
Definition of terms and basic
concepts
Binary Isomorphous Systems (Cu-
Ni)
Development of microstructure in
isomorphous alloys
Components and Phases
Components:
The elements or compounds that are present is a phase.
Phases:
A phase is a homogenous, physically distinct and
mechanically separable portion of the material with a
given chemical composition and structure (a and b).

 (lighter
phase)
Al-Cu Alloy
Microstructure
(darker
phase)
Equilibrium and Metastable
System
A system is at equilibrium if its free energy is
at a minimum, given a specified combination
of temperature and composition.
 The(macroscopic) characteristics of the
system do not change with time — the
system is stable.
 Metastablesystems are non-equilibrium
systems that persist indefinitely and
experience imperceptible changes in time.
Phase Diagrams
• A phase diagram, also called equilibrium diagram
or a constitutional diagram, graphically illustrates
the relationships among temperature,
composition, and the phases present in a
particular alloy system.
Importance of Phase Diagrams
 There is a strong correlation between
microstructure and mechanical properties, and the
development of alloy microstructure is related to
the characteristics of its phase diagram.
 Phase diagrams provide valuable information
about melting, casting (solidification), and
crystallization.
Binary Isomorphous Phase
Diagrams A. Phase Regions or fields
1. Single phase region of liquid solution
(L)
2. Single phase region of solid solution
(a)
3. Two-phase region (a + L)

B. Liquidus line – boundary of the liquid


phase

C. Solidus line – boundary of the solid


phase

D. Constituent point – a combination of


alloy composition and temperature is
Cu-Ni Phase represented by a point.
Diagram 1. Point A (40% Ni and 60% Cu at
Interpretation of Phase Diagrams
1. The phases that are present at
equilibrium

a) Point A (40% Ni and 60% Cu at


1100oC) - single solid a phase
b) Point B (35% Ni and 65% Cu at 1250oC) -
both solid a and liquid phases

2. The composition of the phases

a) Point A - single solid a phase


• the composition of the single solid a phase is
the same as the alloy composition (40% Ni and
60% Cu)

Cu-Ni Phase b) Point B - both solid a and liquid (two-phase region)


Diagram • the composition of the solid a and liquid phases
will be different from the alloy composition.
Interpretation of Phase Diagrams
Phase composition in a two-phase region

1. A tie line is constructed across the two-phase


region at the temperature of the alloy.

2. The intersections of the tie line and the phase


boundaries on either side are noted.

3. Perpendiculars are dropped from these


intersections to the horizontal composition axis,
from which the composition of each of the
respective phases is read.

Point B (35% Ni and 65% Cu at 1250oC)

Cu-Ni Phase • Composition of liquid (L) phase. CL = (31.5% Ni and 68.5% C


Diagram • Composition of solid (a) phase. Ca = (42.5% Ni and 57.5% C
Interpretation of Phase Diagrams
3. The percentages or fraction of the phases

a) Point A (40% Ni and 60% Cu at 1100oC) - single


solid a phase
• the alloy 100% solid phase

b) Point B (35% Ni and 65% Cu at 1250oC)


• The tie line must be utilized in conjunction with
a procedure that is often called the lever rule
(or the inverse lever rule.

Cu-Ni Phase
Diagram
Lever (Inverse lever) Rule
Fraction of phases in a two-phase region

The fraction of liquid phase,

The fraction of solid phase,

Cu-Ni Phase
Diagram
Development of Microstructure
in Isomorphous alloys under
Equilibrium cooling

 The equilibrium
solidification of a 35 wt%
Ni–65 wt% Cu alloy.
Next Topic: Phase Diagram Part 2

 BINARY EUTECTIC SYSTEMS


 DEVELOPMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURE IN EUTECTIC
ALLOYS
 EQUILIBRIUM DIAGRAMS HAVING INTERMEDIATE
PHASES OR COMPOUNDS
 EUTECTOID AND PERITECTIC REACTIONS

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