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The Middle Ages

The document outlines key events in English history from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the end of the War of the Roses in 1485, highlighting significant monarchs and their contributions to the political landscape, including the introduction of the Magna Carta. It also discusses the cultural influences of the time, including the use of three languages and the emergence of new literary genres and theatrical forms. The document emphasizes the evolution of the English political system and societal norms during the Middle Ages.

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floridiagiorgio08
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22 views6 pages

The Middle Ages

The document outlines key events in English history from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the end of the War of the Roses in 1485, highlighting significant monarchs and their contributions to the political landscape, including the introduction of the Magna Carta. It also discusses the cultural influences of the time, including the use of three languages and the emergence of new literary genres and theatrical forms. The document emphasizes the evolution of the English political system and societal norms during the Middle Ages.

Uploaded by

floridiagiorgio08
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Conquered England in 1066 after the Battle of Hastings.

William the Conqueror (1066-1087) introduced the


feudal system.

• King Henry II (1154-1189) wanted to control Clash between the Crown


the Church. and the Church.
• Archbishop Thomas Becket resisted and was
• murdered.

The • Henry II’s son Richard I (1189-99), better


Normans known as the Lionheart, joined the Third
Crusade, and then went to France to defend
his land from the French king Philip II. He
was killed there while besieging a castle.

• The other son, John I (1199-1216) known as Lackland because he lost Normandy and
most of his French territories, succeeded his brother as king of England. His policy was
of heavy taxation and met with fierce resistance by the feudal nobility, the citizens of
London and the high clergy so he was forced to grant the Magna Carta (1215), the
cornerstone of British constitutional rights (everybody was subject to the law). First steps towards the modern
• Henry III (1216-1272) summoned the Model Parliament, which also had English political system.
representatives from the common people (later House of Commons)

MAPPA – Visual Revision History - The Middle Ages


Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453)
• Broke out because Edward III claimed the
French throne.
• Neither side gained significant advantage.
• Eventually the French won and England lost
all its continental territories.
• Conflict interrupted by the Black Death, the
bubonic plague (1348-1351)
Wars and
revolts
War of the Roses (1454-85)
• Civil war, fought between the House of
Lancaster (red rose) and the House of York
(white rose).
• Ended when Henry VII, a Lancastrian, defeated
Richard III, a Yorkist, and marrying Elisabeth of
York, united the two houses and founded the
Tudor dynasty (red and white rose).

MAPPA – Visual Revision History - The Middle Ages


Old English was
spoken by the
common people.

3 languages
French was
were spoken in
Language spoken by the
England at this
nobility.
time.

Latin was spoken


by the clergy.
French
influence
New literary genres, modelled on French and
Italian literature.

Literature loyal to their


and culture sovereign.
A new code of
conduct based
on the ideal of brave in combat.
chivalry. Knights
had to be:
courteous to
the woman they
loved.

MAPPA – Visual Revision History - The Middle Ages


Lyrics and Ballads

Ballads
Lyrics • Short, anonymous oral
• Re-elaborations of songs or narrative
existing themes, poems based on a tragic,
plotlines and characters. sometimes historical,
• anonymous event.
• Different types: spring • Supernatural elements.
songs; love lyrics; • Metre: rhyming quatrains
religious lyrics. with a refrain.
• Robin Hood

MAPPA – Visual Revision History - The Middle Ages


Mystery and
Morality plays

Mystery Plays:
Morality plays • re-enact biblical stories (the fall of man,
• allegories with a moralizing the great flood);
aim; • performed by corporations.
• feature personifications of • Inspired by religious ceremonies (mass
virtues and vices (Beauty, as a dialogue between priest and audience)
Death, etc.). and biblical stories.

Characteristics
• Very popular in towns, especially with the rising
middle class.
• Performed with daylight
• Performed on floats, sometimes fixed, called
pageants
• Not derived from classical drama.
MAPPA – Visual Revision History - The Middle Ages
Medieval
romance

Main subject matters


Characteristics
• Matter of France (Charlemagne and
• It deals with the deeds of
Roland).
knight (fighting, romantic love
• Matter of Rome (Troy and Alexander
and supernatural events).
the Great).
• A good portrayal of the social and
• Matter of Britain (Arthurian legend):
ethical aspects of feudal
Le Morte D’Arthur by Thomas
knighthood.
Malory tells the story of the Knights of
the Round Table from King Arthur’s
birth to his death.

MAPPA – Visual Revision History - The Middle Ages

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