Zia ul Haq

Quick Revision
Q1. In which of the following did Zia-ul-Haq have most success between
1977 and 1988:
(i) Islamization;
(ii) economic affairs;
(iii) political affairs?
Explain your answer with reference to all three of the above. [14]
(J2003/P1/4c)
 Islamisation
1. HADOOD ORDINANCE -1977
punishments were prescribed for various crimes.
The word ‘Hadd’ means the punishment.
preparation, transportation and use of wine was considered as crime and
punishment of thirty lashes and five year imprisonment.
The secondly crime of theft, to cut the right hand and habitual thief was to
be awarded life imprisonment.
The third Hadood law is meant for adultery,he or she would be stoned of
death.

2. MAJLIS-E-SHOORA – 1981
to make way for Islamic Judicial System.
350 members . Provincial councils were also set up.
All the ministers were to be the ex-officio members of the federal council.
3. QAZAF ORDINANCE 1979
Qazaf means a false allegation, to harm his/her reputation.
In order to prove this allegation, at least four truthful adult Muslims needed
to bear witness to this fact.
fine and imprisonment can be awarded.
4. COMPULSORY TEACHNG OF PAKISTAN STUDIES AND ISLAMIAT 1978:
Islamiat, as a compulsory subject, on degree level.
Apart from its mosques have been converted into educational institution.
Great efforts are being made for the teaching and development of Arabic
language.
‘Radio Pakistan and Pakistan Television’ besides other programmes
broadcast in Arabic from other medias.
The subject of Pakistan studies, containing comprehensive information and
material on freedom struggle of the Muslims of the sub-continent and
history of Pakistan, has been introduced for intermediate. B.A, B.Sc.,
Engineering, Medical, Commerce Law students.
5. ORDINANCE FOR THE SANCITITY OF RAMZAN-UL-MUBARAK:
The Government issued and ordinance, is liable to three months
imprisonment and, fine of Rs. 500/- However, hospitals, railway stations
airports and bus stands are exempted from this Ordinance.
 (ii) economic affairs;
Several industries were privatised . Under a new policy, the private-sector
investment grew from ~33% in 1980 to ~44% in 1989. A new system was
also formed in 1979, which marked the Islamization of the economy. The
new Islamize ordinances were promulgated which also absorbed the
liberalisation of the economy under a new economic system.[6]
3. ZAKAT ORDINANCE -1980
It is an important step towards Islamization of our economic system.
Levying of Zakat will be applicable on the saving accounts
A ‘Sahib-e-Nisab’ Muslim was a person who had Rs. 3000 in his account.
Muslims were also to pay Zakat voluntarily on their assets lying outside.
4. USHR ORDINANCE 1981:
It is an agricultural tax which is levied on the10 % of its yield of agricultural
land in cash or kind.
The agricultural yield less than 948 kg of wheat was exempted
People who are eligible to receive zakat are exempted from the ushr tax
The council will consist of the following.
(a) Central Zakat Council (b) Provincial Zakat Council
(c) District Zakat Commmittee (d) Tehsil Zakat Committee
12. INTEREST FREE BANKING - 1981:
‘Riba’ is an Arabic word which means the rent of the capital borrowed for
personal use.
Banking System was organized on interest basis and the account holders
were paid a fixed amount on their deposits on yearly basis as interest.
to streamline the banking system in accordance with the Islamic principles,
interest Free Banking System in its place the ‘Profit and Loss’ Sharing System
was introduced.
 (iii) political affairs
1. POLITICAL ACTIVITIES BANNED
•Zia’s ML regime issued PCO on March 1981.
•Under this, it was declared that efforts shall be made to restore the
democracy and representative institutions.
•Till then political activities will be banned and allowed by the President.
only registered political parties shall be permitted to operate and eligible to
take part in the general elections by 11 October 1979.
•All other parties shall stand dissolved.
3. ZIA’S POLITICAL PLAN - 1983
peaceful transition from military to civilian rule.
elections were to be held under the constitution of 1973.
a positive outline of a real Islamic State and Islamic system of working.
5. MOVEMENT FOR RESTORATION OF DEMOCRACY (MRD) - 1981
As Zia and monopolized all the powers, opposition parties became angry
with his dictatorial style.
Zia’s tactics could not cool down the irritated politicians.
the alliance was noted for its left–wing orientation and had
Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP), Awami National Party (ANP), Pakistan Muslim
League (Khwaja Khairuddin group), Pakistan Democratic Party, Tehreek-e-
Istiqlal, Awami Tehreek, Jamiat-e-Ulema-e-Islam, and Mazdoor Kissan Party.

4. ELECTIONS 1983
The elections were to be held in two stages in 1983.
first stage elections to the local bodies were held on non-party basis.
In elections 71767 members were elected in 4100 Union Councils, 84
districts/agencies. 129 municipal corporations/committee, 285 town
committees and 39 Cantonment Boards.
In the second stage elections to the National and Provincial assemblies and
the senate were held.
5. NATIONAL REFERNDUM - 1984:
His plan doesn’t contain provision for the presidential election which made
him weak for that he issued referendum order of 1984.
The question referred in the referendum was ‘Whether the people of
Pakistan endorse the process initiated by General Muhammad Zia ul Haq,
the President of Pakistan for bringing Laws of Pakistan in conformity with
the injunction as laid down in the Holy Quran and Sunnah of the Holy
Prophet (PBUH) and for the preservation of the ideology of Pakistan and for
the smooth and orderly transfer of power to the elected representatives of
the people’. The question was to answered either by ‘yes’ or ‘no’.
Zia received 97.7 percent of votes.
The opposition parties boycotted the referendum.
6. ELECTIONS:
Elections to the National Assembly were held on 25th February 1985 and to
the provincial assemblies on 28th February 1985.
7. MUHAMMAD KHAN JUNEJO AS PM
The joint session of the National Assembly and the Senate was held on 23 rd
March 1985.
Zia ul Haq took oath as the President of Pakistan for the next five years.
Muhammad Khan Junejo from the Province of Sindh as PM who was a
known and respectable politician who tried to solve various problems like
constitutional crisis, industrial problems and international affairs etc.
8. BHUTTO HANGED:
Bhutto was implicated in a murder of Ahmed Raza Qasuri MNA from Qasur.
He was an active members of the PPP and very vocal in the parliament.
He soon turned against Bhutto and openly criticized the policies
Mr. Bhutto was not used to digest this sort of criticism
He plotted against Ahmed Raza Qasuri and employed his federal security
force to put down the outbursts of Ahmed Raza Qasuri.
His father Nawab Muhammad Ahmed Qusuri was killed in the incident.
Ahmed Raza Qasuri got on FIR registered against Mr. Bhutto who was
sentenced to death along with his four accomplices.
When President Zia turned down his mercy appeal.
Mr. Bhutto was hanged on April 4, 1979.
9. OHJIRI CAMP DISASTER:
Ojhiri Camp was an ammunition depot situated in between Rawalpindi
Islamabad.
On April 10, 1988, the twin Cities received an unexpected and heavy shower
of weapons which included missiles, rockets, bombs and other highly lethal
and explosive devices.
The explosion caused great panic and heavy loss of life.
10. JUNEJO GOVERNMENT DISSOLVED:
Prime Minister Junejo appointed a committee to submit a report on the
incident of Ohjiri Camp.
The report was submitted on April 24, 1988,Gen. Akhtar Abdur Rehman
Chief of ISI and General Hameed Gul former Chief ISI responsible for the
disaster.
It became evident that the PM Junejo was going to take action against them.
Sensing the situation Zia dissolved Junejo’s Govt on May 29, 1988 under the
8th constitutional amendment.
END OF ZIA-UL-HAQ
On August 17, 1988, a C130 plane carrying Gen Zia, Gen Akhtar Abdur
Rehman and a number of other very senior army officers and the US
ambassador to Pakistan Mr. Arnold Rafael, crashed near Bhawalpur killing all
the persons on board.