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SYLLABUS & WEIGHTAGE
ACADEMIC SCHEDULE
UNIT 1- ANDROID AND ITS TOOLS
Course Outcome:
Interpret features of Android operating system.
Unit Outcomes:
1a. Explain the given basic terms related to Android system.
1b. Explain with sketches Android architecture for the given application.
1c. Identify tools and software required for developing the given Android
application
with justification
Contents:
1.1 Introduction to android, Open Handset Alliance, Android Ecosystem
1.2 Need of Android, Features of Android
1.3 Tools and software required for developing an Android Application
1.4 Android Architecture
INTRODUCTION TO ANDROID

• Android is an open source operating system based on Linux with a Java

programming interface for mobile devices such as Smartphone (Touch
Screen Devices who supports Android OS) as well for Tablets too.
• The operating system has developed a lot in last 15 years starting from
black and white phones to recent smart phones or mini computers. One
of the most widely used mobile OS these days is android.
• The android is a powerful operating system and it supports large
number of applications in Smartphones.
WHAT IS ANDROID?
• Android is a stack of software for mobile devices that are an Operating
System, Middleware and Key Applications.
• Android is a Linux-based operating system which is designed for
touchscreen mobile
devices like smartphones and tablet computers.
• It is an open source technology that allows the software to be freely
modified and
distributed by device manufacturers, wireless carriers and developers.
• Android was unveiled during 2007 along with the founding of the Open
Handset
Alliance.
OPEN HANDSET ALLIANCE
• The Open Handset Alliance (OHA) is a association
whose goal is to develop open standards for mobile
devices, promote innovation in mobile phones and
provide a better experience for consumers at a lower
cost.
• The OHA is the group that is in charge of the Android
smartphones operating system. It was created by
Google.
• The Open Handset Alliance (OHA) is consortium of
multiple companies like Samsung,Sony, Intel and
many more to provide services and deploy handsets
using android platform.
NEED OF ANDROID
1. Zero/negligible development cost
2. Open Source
3. Multi-Platform Support
4. Multi-Carrier Support
5. Open Distribution Model
(Android Market place (Google Play store) has very few
restrictions on the content or functionality of an
android app. So the developer can distribute theirs app
through Google Play store and as well other
distribution channels like Amazon’s app store.)
 FEATURES OF ANDROID
1. Connectivity -Android supports multiple connectivity technologies
including GSM/EDGE, IDEN, CDMA, EV-DO, UMTS, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi,
LTE, NFC and WiMAX
2. Storage- SQLite, a lightweight relational database, is used for
data
storage purposes
3. Media support- Android supports various type of audio/video/still
media formats like: H.263, H.264, MPEG-4 SP, AMR, AMR-WB, AAC,
HE-AAC, AAC 5.1, MP3, MIDI, Ogg Vorbis, WAV, JPEG, PNG, GIF,
BMP and WebP
4. Web Browser- The web browser available in Android is based on
the open-source Blink (previously WebKit) layout engine, coupled
with Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine supporting HTML5 and CSS3
5. Messaging- SMS and MMS are available forms of messaging, it
also include threaded text messaging and Android Cloud To Device
Messaging (C2DM) and now support the enhanced version of
C2DM, Android Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) is also a part of
Android Push Messaging services
FEATURES OF ANDROID
TOOLS AND SOFTWARE REQUIRED FOR
DEVELOPING AN ANDROID APPLICATION
• SDK tools
• Platform tools
SDK tools
SDK tools are generally platform independent and are required no matter which
android platform you are working on. When you install the Android SDK into your
system, these tools get automatically installed. Some tools are ddms,Draw 9-
Patch,emulator, mksdcard, proguard, sqlite3, traceview
Platform tools
• The platform tools are customized to support the features of the latest android
platform.
• The platform tools are typically updated every time you install a new SDK
platform. Each update of the platform tools is backward compatible with older
platforms.
• Some of the platform tools are listd below −
Android Debug bridge (ADB)
Android Interface definition language (AIDL)
aapt, dexdump and dex etc.
ANDROID ARCHITECTURE
 ANDROID ARCHITECTURE
Android architecture or Android software stack is categorized into five parts:
1. Linux kernel
2. native libraries (middleware),
3. Android Runtime
4. Application Framework
5. Applications
1) Linux kernel
It is the heart of android architecture that exists at the root of android
architecture. Linux kernel is responsible for device drivers, power
management,
memory management, device management and resource access.
2) Native Libraries
Running on the top of the kernel, the Android framework was developed with
various
features. It consists of various C/C++ core libraries with numerous of open
source tools.
Some of these are: The Android runtime, Open GL, WebKit, Media
frameworks, Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
 ANDROID ARCHITECTURE
3) Android Runtime
In android runtime, there are core libraries and DVM (Dalvik Virtual Machine) which is
responsible to run android application. DVM is like JVM but it is optimized for mobile
devices. It consumes less memory and provides fast performance.
4) Android Framework
On the top of Native libraries and android runtime, there is android framework. Android
framework includes Android API's such as UI (User Interface), telephony, resources,
locations, Content Providers (data) and package managers. It provides a lot of classes
and interfaces for android application development. Like Activity Manager, Telephony
Manager , View System, Location manager
5) Applications
On the top of android framework, there are applications. All applications such as home,
contact, settings, games, browsers are using android framework that uses android
runtime and libraries. Android runtime and native libraries are using linux kernal.
Thanks