Scribd
Upload
15 views39 pages

MP Module 1

The document outlines various management principles, defining management as the process of achieving results through the efforts of others. It discusses key theories such as Classical Management, Scientific Management, and Administrative Theory, highlighting their characteristics, advantages, and limitations. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of human relations and behavioral science in modern management practices.

Uploaded by

ssahoo917850
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
15 views39 pages

MP Module 1

The document outlines various management principles, defining management as the process of achieving results through the efforts of others. It discusses key theories such as Classical Management, Scientific Management, and Administrative Theory, highlighting their characteristics, advantages, and limitations. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of human relations and behavioral science in modern management practices.

Uploaded by

ssahoo917850
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 39

Management Principles

DR. ADARSH RATH


Management
Definition

► Management is the accomplishment of results through the efforts of


other people. (Lawrence A. Appley)
► Management is the art of getting things done through and with the
people formally organized groups. (Koontz H.)
► Management is a process of planning, organizing, actuating and
controlling to determine and accomplish the objectives by the use of
people and resources. (Terry. G.)
► Management is the process by which managers create, direct,
maintain and operate purposive organizations through systematic,
coordinated, cooperative human effort. (Mc. Farland.)
Management as Process
Characteristics of Management

► Intangible
► Goal oriented
► Universal
► Social process
► Group activity
► System of authority
► Dynamic
► Science & Art
► Multidisciplinary
Effective Managers

► Have vision, think long term, set directions


► Good communicators and listeners
► Understand operations
► Prioritize
► Do not resist change
► Delegate well
► Act confidently
► Accept responsibility and admit mistakes
► Motivating, curious, honest, credible and decisive.
Administration vs Management
Key Aspects of Management Process
Managerial Roles
Functions of Management
Interrelationship
Skills at various Levels
Levels of Management
Classical Theory

Bureaucracy
Classical
School

Scientific
Management

Administrative
Theory

► Classical means traditionally accepted or long-established.


Bureaucracy
Bureaucracy

► Elements of Bureaucracy
► Hierarchy
► Division of Work
► Rules, Regulation & Procedures
► Records
► Impersonal relationships
► Administrative class for coordination
Bureaucracy

► Advantages: ► Disadvantages:
► Specialization ► Rigidity
► Rationality ► Impersonality
► Predictability ► Displacement of objectives
► Democracy ► Compartmentalization of activities
► Empire building
► Red tape
Scientific Management
Scientific Management

► An approach that emphasizes the scientific study of work in order to


improve worker efficiency.
► Frederick W. Taylor built the body of principles that constitutes the
essence of Scientific Management.
► Basics of Scientific Management:
► Each task must be scientifically designed so that it can replace the old, rule-
of-thumb methods.
► Workers must be scientifically selected and trained so that they can be more
productive on their jobs.
► Bring the scientifically designed jobs and workers together so that there will
be match between them.
► There must be division of labor and cooperation between Management and
workers.
Taylor’s summary

► Science, not rule of thumb


► Harmony, not discord
► Cooperation, not individualism
► Maximum output in place of restricted output
► Development of each man to his greatest efficiency and prosperity
► Equitable division of work and responsibility between Management
and worker.
Key Concepts

1. Scientific Task Planning


► Amount of work which an average worker can perform during a day under
normal working conditions, also called fair day’s work.
2. Time and Motion Study
► Time study indicate the minimum time required to do a given job
► Motion study is carried out to find out the best sequence of motions to do a
job
► Aim to eliminate unnecessary, ill directed & wasteful motions and find the
best way
Key Concepts (Contd.)

3. Standardization
► Standards have to be set in advance for the task, materials, work methods,
quality, time, cost, working conditions, etc.
4. Differential piece rate system
► Difference in wages/pay based on actual performance of the worker

5. Functional foremanship
► Dividing activities into several components for specialists such as route
clerk, instruction card clerk, cost & time clerk, inspector, etc.
Limitations

► Exploitative – Management might not share the benefits of


productivity
► Depersonalized work – Boredom and Monotony
► Unpsychological – No accurate info on how wages are to be given
► Undemocratic – No questions on idea of planning
► Anti-social – Workers treated as tools
► Unrealistic – Workers might not be motivated only with material
benefits
Administrative Theory
Definition

► Administrative Theory – An approach that focuses on principles that can


be used by managers to coordinate the internal activities of organizations.
► Henry Fayol classified business operations into six major activities called
as FAYOL’s SIX:
1. Technical (Production)
2. Commercial (Buying & Selling)
3. Financials (Use of Capital)
4. Security (Protection of Property)
5. Accounting (Keeping financial records)
6. Managerial
5 Management Functions

1. Planning – Devising a course of action


2. Organizing – Mobilizing material and manpower
3. Commanding – Giving directions
4. Coordination – Making sure all are working in right direction with
harmony
5. Controlling – Monitoring the plans & progress

► Fayol was considered as Universalist


14 Principles of Management

1. Division of work 8. Order


2. Authority & Responsibility 9. Centralization
3. Discipline 10.Scalar Chain
4. Unity of Command 11.Equity
5. Unity of Direction 12.Stability of Tenure
6. Subordination of Individual’s interest 13.Initiative
7. Remuneration of personnel 14.Union is Strength
Taylor vs. Fayol
Neo-Classical Theory
Neo-Classical (Human Relation) Theory

► This theory tried to compensate for the deficiencies in classical theory


► Human relations theory – A movement in management thinking and practise that
emphasised satisfaction of employees’ basic needs as the key to increased
worker productivity
► Hawthorne Studies – A group of studies conducted at the Hawthorne plant of the
Western Electric company during the late 1920s and early 1930s whose results
ultimately led to the human relations view of management
► Hawthorne Effect – The possibility that individuals singled out for a study may
improve their performance simply because of the added attention they receive
from researchers. Feeling of group pride and belongingness
Pros & Cons of Hawthorne
Experiments
Classical vs Neo-Classical
Human vs Scientific
Behavioural Science Approach
Behavioural Science

► It emphasises scientific research (into various disciplines such as


psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics) as the basis for
developing theories about human behaviour in organizations that can
be used to develop practical guidelines for managers.
► Basic Philosophy of Human Resources Approach
► Liking the work
► Self direction, self control & creativity
► Subordinate utiilization
► Work satisfaction
Modern Management Thought

► It combines valuable concepts of classical theory with the social &


natural sciences.

► Open-system view
► Dynamic & Adaptive
► Multilevel & multidimensional
► Multimotivated & multidiscplinary
► Descriptive & Probabilistic
► Integrative
Major Contributors
Thank you!

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy