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Draft Tube Seminar Presentation

The document discusses the draft tube in hydraulic turbines, highlighting its role in connecting the turbine outlet to the tailrace, recovering velocity head, and improving turbine efficiency. It outlines the working principle based on Bernoulli's equation, types of draft tubes, and their advantages and disadvantages. The draft tube is essential for energy recovery in reaction turbines like Francis and Kaplan, with applications in hydropower stations.

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sanjayk060605
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18 views14 pages

Draft Tube Seminar Presentation

The document discusses the draft tube in hydraulic turbines, highlighting its role in connecting the turbine outlet to the tailrace, recovering velocity head, and improving turbine efficiency. It outlines the working principle based on Bernoulli's equation, types of draft tubes, and their advantages and disadvantages. The draft tube is essential for energy recovery in reaction turbines like Francis and Kaplan, with applications in hydropower stations.

Uploaded by

sanjayk060605
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Draft Tube in Hydraulic

Turbines

• Presented by: Sanjay K


• Department of Automobile
Engineering
• Rajalakshmi Engineering
College
• Date: 23/04/2025
Introduction

• Draft tube is a pipe connected to the outlet of a reaction


turbine.
• Carries water from runner to tailrace.
• Used mainly in reaction turbines (Francis, Kaplan).
• Converts kinetic energy to pressure energy.
Why Draft Tube is Needed ❔❕

• Recovers
velocity head of
water at turbine
exit.
• Increases
turbine
efficiency.
• Allows turbine to
be above
tailrace.
• Maintains flow
and reduces
cavitation.
Working Principle

• Based on Bernoulli’s
Equation.

• High velocity water enters


draft tube.
• Tube expands → velocity
decreases, pressure
increases.
• Improves energy output and
prevents cavitation.
Construction & Position
• Gradually expanding pipe.
• One end at turbine runner, other submerged in tailwater.
• Designed based on turbine type and site layout.
• Smooth transition for water discharge.
Types of Draft Tubes
• Conical:
high efficiency,
used in Francis
turbines.
• Elbow:
for vertical shaft
turbines.
• Simple elbow:
low efficiency,
temporary uses.
• Moody’s
spreading:
bell-mouth,
Kaplan turbines.
Efficiency of Draft Tube

• Typically 60% to 90%.


• η = (K.E. recovered / K.E. at exit) × 100
• High efficiency means better energy utilization.
Advantages ✔

• Improves turbine efficiency.


• Ensures continuous water flow.
• Allows turbine elevation
flexibility.
• Reduces energy losses and
cavitation.
Disadvantages ❌

• Needs careful design.


• Not suitable for impulse turbines.
• Risk of cavitation if poorly
submerged.
• Curved tubes may have
turbulence losses.
Applications ⚙

• Used in Francis and Kaplan


turbines.
• Essential in hydropower stations.
• Ideal for low head installations.
• Aids energy-efficient water
discharge.
📌Real-life Example

• Example: Srisailam Dam (Francis turbine with draft tube).


• Shows real-world application of draft tubes.
Conclusion & Q&A ❔
• Draft tube is essential in reaction turbines for energy recovery.
• It converts kinetic energy (velocity) into pressure energy,
improving efficiency.
• Works based on Bernoulli’s principle and smoothens water
flow to tailrace.
• Various types (Conical, Elbow, Moody’s) are used based on
design needs.
• Proper draft tube design minimizes energy loss and prevents
cavitation.
• Widely used in Francis and Kaplan turbines across hydro
power stations.
• An efficient draft tube setup leads to better performance and
longer life of turbine systems.
THANK YOU ❕

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