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Second Form - Atoms.Ms - Wilson

This document is an 8th-grade chemistry lesson plan focused on atoms and atomic structure, covering topics such as the modern atomic theory, subatomic particles, and the structure of the atom. It includes historical perspectives from notable scientists and outlines the properties and charges of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Additionally, it features an activity using a simulation and a graded project for students to create physical models of atoms.

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khadeane wilson
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13 views18 pages

Second Form - Atoms.Ms - Wilson

This document is an 8th-grade chemistry lesson plan focused on atoms and atomic structure, covering topics such as the modern atomic theory, subatomic particles, and the structure of the atom. It includes historical perspectives from notable scientists and outlines the properties and charges of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Additionally, it features an activity using a simulation and a graded project for students to create physical models of atoms.

Uploaded by

khadeane wilson
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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8th Grade

CHEMISTRY
ATOMS AND THE ATOMIC STRUCTURE
.2025. Ms. Wilson.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

01
THE MODERN ATOMIC
02
SUBATOMIC PARTICLES
THEORY
History of the atom protons, neutrons and electrons

03
THE STRUCTURE OF THE
04
PROPERTIES OF
ATOM SUBATOMIC PARTICLES
Location of subatomic particles Mass and charge of subatomic particles
“Nothing in life is to be
feared, it is only to be
understood. Now is the
time to understand more,
so that we may fear less.”
~ MARIE CURIE
0
1 THE MODERN ATOMIC
THEORY
HISTORY OF THE ATOM
WHAT IS AN ATOM?

An atom is the smallest


particle of an element that
can exist on its own and
still have the chemical
properties of that element.
THE ATOM KEY TERMS

An ELEMENT is a pure MOLECULES are a group


substance representing one of atoms bonded together,
type of atom. representing the smallest
fundamental unit of a
Some elements exist as single chemical compound.
atoms, E.g. carbon, gold, iron,
copper.
COMPOUNDS are made up
Whilst others exist as of two or more different
molecules, E.g. O2, N2, H2 atoms. E.g. CO2, H2O
HISTORY OF THE ATOM

JOHN DALTON J.J THOMPSON E. RUTHERFORD Niels BOHR


1807. He said an In 1897 he discovered 1909. There is no They are
atom is a very the atom has small cloud, there is a hard surrounding the
small, hard sphere negative electrons nucleus where the nucleus at different
that cannot be split surrounded by electrons surround. levels (shells).
positive cloud and can
be split
SUBATOMIC PARTICLES
02
PROTONS, NEUTRONS, ELECTRONS
SUBATOMIC PARTICLES
Atoms are made up of three subatomic particles: ELECTRONS, PROTONS and
NEUTRONS.

An atom is OVERALL NEUTRAL because the number of electrons (negative charges)


equals the number of protons (positive charges), they cancel each other out.
03
STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM
Location of subatomic particles
THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM
ELECTRON
The electrons stay at certain Electrons
fix distances from the
nucleus on SHELLS

PROTON protons
This tells the atomic +
number neutrons

NEUTRON Nucleus
No charge, located in the Centre of
nucleus atom
WRITTEN STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

Mass number Mass to Charge


or
Total number of A B ratio: Difference
between # of

N
electrons and
protons + neutrons protons

Atomic Number Z
or Symbol of
The number of the
protons in the atom element
Structure of the Atom

The positively charged nucleus is surrounded by negatively charged electrons. The electrons
revolve at very high speeds around the nucleus.

The electrons also stay at certain fixed distances from the nucleus. Each set of electrons makes
up an electron shell. Electrons in shells near to the nucleus have less energy than electrons in
shells further away. The negative electrons do not fly out of the atom because they are attracted
to the positive nucleus.

In an atom, the number of positively charged protons is equal to the number of negatively
charged electrons, making the atom electrically neutral.
For example, if an atom has six protons (charge = +6) and six electrons (charge = -6) then the
total charge adds up to zero (+6 + (-6) = 0).
04
PROPERTIES OF SUBATOMIC
PARTICLES
MASS AND CHARGE
PROPERTIES OF SUBATOMIC PARTICLES
Mass: 1/1837
We therefore regard the Mass: 1 Mass: 1
electron mass as 0.

Charge: (0) Neutral,


Charge: (-ve) Negative has no charge Charge: (+ve) Positive

ELECTRON NEUTRON PROTONS


ACTIVITY

Using the Phet Simulation

https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/build-an-atom/latest/build-an
-atom_all.html

Practice two atomic games, the games will sharpen our


understanding of the atomic model, atomic mass, and atomic
number
GRADED PROJECT. DUE FEBRUARY 19-24, 2025

Create physical structure of atoms assigned to your groups .

You can use styrofoam balls, playdough, tissue, plastic bottles,


rubber, or any material of your choice to create their structure

Ensure to identify the electrons, protons and neutrons

Ensure to label your atom by stating the name of the element.


NEXT TOPIC : PERIODIC TABLE
THE FIRST 20 ELEMENTS

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