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DB Lec 01

The document provides an introduction to Database Management Systems (DBMS), defining key concepts such as databases, data, and the functionalities of DBMS. It highlights the characteristics of the database approach, including self-describing nature, data abstraction, and support for multiple user views. Additionally, it presents an example of a university database and discusses typical DBMS functionalities like data manipulation and security measures.

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waseem khosa
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16 views18 pages

DB Lec 01

The document provides an introduction to Database Management Systems (DBMS), defining key concepts such as databases, data, and the functionalities of DBMS. It highlights the characteristics of the database approach, including self-describing nature, data abstraction, and support for multiple user views. Additionally, it presents an example of a university database and discusses typical DBMS functionalities like data manipulation and security measures.

Uploaded by

waseem khosa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

Database Systems
Lecture 1

Introduction Database Management


Systems
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Database Management Syst


ems

Today’s agenda
• Database introduction and definition
• DBMS functionalities
• Characteristics of database approach
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Basic Definitions
• Database: A collection of related data.
• Data: Known facts that can be recorded
and have an implicit meaning.
• Database Management System
(DBMS): A software package/ system to
facilitate the creation and maintenance of
a computerized database.
• Database System: The DBMS software
together with the data itself. Sometimes,
the applications are also included.
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Database Management Syst


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Database definition
• A shared collection of logically related
data, designed to meet the information
needs of multiple users in an
organization.
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Database Management Syst


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A simplified database system


environment
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Database Management Syst


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Typical DBMS Functionality


• Define a database : in terms of data
types, structures and constraints
• Construct or Load the Database on a
secondary storage medium
• Manipulating the database : querying,
generating reports, insertions, deletions
and modifications to its content
• Concurrent Processing and Sharing by a
set of users and programs – yet, keeping
all data valid and consistent
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Database Management Syst


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Typical DBMS Functionality


Other features:
▫ Protection or Security measures to
prevent unauthorized access
▫ “Active” processing to take
internal actions on data
▫ Presentation and Visualization of
data
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Database Management Syst


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Example of a Database
(with a Conceptual Data Model)
• Mini-world for the example: Part of a
UNIVERSITY environment.
• Some mini-world entities:
▫ STUDENTs
▫ COURSEs
▫ SECTIONs (of COURSEs)
▫ (academic) DEPARTMENTs
▫ INSTRUCTORs
Note: The above could be expressed in
the ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP data model.
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Database Management Syst


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Example of a Database
(with a Conceptual Data Model)
• Some mini-world relationships:
▫ SECTIONs are of specific COURSEs
▫ STUDENTs take SECTIONs
▫ COURSEs have prerequisite COURSEs
▫ INSTRUCTORs teach SECTIONs
▫ COURSEs are offered by DEPARTMENTs
▫ STUDENTs major in DEPARTMENTs

Note: The above could be expressed in the


ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP data model.
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Database Management Syst

Example of a database
ems
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ems

Main Characteristics of the Database


Approach
• Self-describing nature of a database
system: A DBMS catalog stores the
description of the database. The
description is called meta-data). This
allows the DBMS software to work with
different databases.
• Insulation between programs and data:
program-data independence. Allows
changing data storage structures without
having to change the DBMS access
programs.
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Database Management Syst


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An Example of Database Catalog


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Storage format for a student record


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Database Management Syst


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Main Characteristics of the Database


Approach
• Insulation between programs and data:
program-operation independence. Allows
changing operations without having to change
the DBMS access programs.
• Data abstraction: The characteristic that
allows program-data independence and
program-operation independence is called
data abstraction. DBMS provides users with
conceptual representation of data that doesn’t
include many of the details of how the data is
stored or how the operations are implemented.
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Database Management Syst


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Main Characteristics of the Database


Approach
• Data Abstraction: A data model is a
type of data abstraction that is used
to provide this conceptual
representation.
• Support of multiple views of the
data: Each user may see a different
view of the database, which
describes only the data of interest
to that user.
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Student transcript and course


prerequisites view
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Main Characteristics of the Database


Approach
• Sharing of data and multiuser transaction
processing : allowing a set of concurrent
users to retrieve and to update the
database. Concurrency control within the
DBMS guarantees that each transaction is
correctly executed or completely aborted.
OLTP (Online Transaction Processing) is a
major part of database applications.
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Summary
• Introduction
• Basic definitions
▫ Database
▫ Data
▫ DBMS
▫ Database systems
• An example database
• Functionalities of database systems
• Characteristics of database systems

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