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Class VII - Physics - Sound - PPT

Sound is a form of energy produced by vibrations that requires a medium to travel, with the fastest transmission occurring in solids. It travels as longitudinal waves, characterized by compressions and rarefactions, and its speed is influenced by the medium's type, temperature, density, and elasticity. The document also discusses concepts such as pitch, loudness, resonance, and the effects of noise pollution on health.

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9 views23 pages

Class VII - Physics - Sound - PPT

Sound is a form of energy produced by vibrations that requires a medium to travel, with the fastest transmission occurring in solids. It travels as longitudinal waves, characterized by compressions and rarefactions, and its speed is influenced by the medium's type, temperature, density, and elasticity. The document also discusses concepts such as pitch, loudness, resonance, and the effects of noise pollution on health.

Uploaded by

tabassumpurbita2021
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VII

PHYSICS
SOUND
What is sound?
• Sound is a form of energy caused by vibrations.
• Vibration is the back and forth movement of an
object. The vibrating body causes the medium
around it to vibrate thus producing sound.
Sound needs a medium to
•travel
Sound can travel through solid, liquid and gas
• The molecules in solid, liquid and gas carry sound waves from one
point to another as they vibrate
• Sound travels the fastest in solid

• Sound cannot travel through vacuum since there are no molecules


that can vibrate and carry the sound waves
Experiment
Observation:
As the air is pumped out of the
jar the sound of the bell reduces

Why?
-Since sound requires a medium
to travel, creating a vacuum
reduces the intensity of sound
How does sound energy travel?
• Sound energy travels in the form of sound waves
• Sound waves are longitudinal waves
• Regions of compressions and rarefactions are created
as sound waves travel causing the particles in the
medium to vibrate

• The molecules in the medium do NOT move away


from their position.
Method of propagation
As the tuning fork vibrates, it causes air particles to come together at
some places (compression) and move farther apart at others
(rarefaction).

This continuous series


of compressions and
rarefactions create
sound waves
Speed of sound depends on:
Type of medium:
-travels through solid, liquid and gas
-cannot travel in vacuum
Temperature of medium
-travels faster at higher temperature
Density
-sound moves well through dense medium
Elasticity
-sound waves move fast through elastic material
Formula to calculate the
speed of sound wave:
PROBLEMS
1.A frequency of a wave with wavelength 5m is 100Hz.
Calculate the speed of this wave.
2.A sound wave is travelling with a speed of 340m/s.
Calculate the frequency of this wave if the distance of
one rarefaction to the next is 10m.
1. A frequency of a wave with wavelength 5m is 100Hz.
Calculate the speed of this wave.
Ans: speed = frequency x wavelength
= 100 x 5 = 500m/s
2. A sound wave is travelling with a speed of 340m/s. Calculate
the frequency of this wave if the distance of one rarefaction to
the next is 10m.
Ans: speed = frequency x wavelength
frequency = speed/wavelength
= 340/10 = 34Hz
How do you hear sound?
 Audio/Audible frequency range:
-20Hz to 20,000Hz
-Sounds that human ear can hear
 Inaudible frequency:
-Sounds below 20Hz are called infrasound, such as
earthquakes, volcanos, meteors, elephants, whales etc.
-Sounds above 20,000Hz are called ultrasound, such as
dolphins, bats, ultrasound machine etc.
-Sounds that human ear cannot hear
Reflection of sound

Echo:
 reflected sound
 It is what you
heard shortly
after the original

-Sound travels faster when the medium is hot


-Sound travels faster at sea level where the pressure is higher
-Sound travels faster in a solid medium compared to liquid or gas
PROBLEM
Emma claps her hands once and hears an echo. If
the speed of sound is 330m/s, calculate the time
between Emma’s clap and her hearing the echo.
Distance of Emma from the nearest wall is 132m.
PROBLEM
Emma claps her hands once and hears an echo. If the speed of
sound is 330m/s, calculate the time between Emma’s clap and
her hearing the echo. Distance of Emma from the nearest wall is
132m.
Ans:
Distance = 132x2 = 264m
Speed = distance/time
Time = distance/speed
= (264)/330
= 0.8s
Sonar, Ultrasound and
Echolocation
 Ultrasound can be used to form pictures of things we
cannot see, like unborn babies or tumors.

 Echolocation is used by animals such as


dolphins and bats to 'see' their
surroundings by using ultrasound.

 Ships use sonar to


determine how deep the
ocean is or to locate
shoals of fish.
Resonance
When the frequency of forced
vibration on an object becomes
equal to its natural frequency then
the object vibrates with maximum
amplitude. This phenomenon is
called resonance.
PROBLEM:
Pendulum A makes 15 oscillations in 10 seconds and
pendulum B makes 5 oscillations in 8 seconds . Which
one has higher frequency ?
PROBLEM:
Pendulum A makes 15 oscillations in 10 seconds and
pendulum B makes 5 oscillations in 8 seconds . Which one
has higher frequency ?

Ans:
Frequency is the number of complete oscillations in one
second.
Frequency of pendulum A = 15/10 = 1.5Hz
Frequency of pendulum B = 5/8 = 0.62Hz
Therefore, pendulum A has a higher frequency.
Properties of sound
 Pitch:
waves
Highness or lowness of a sound
 Frequency:
Number of sound waves that passes through a point
in a certain amount of time, such as in one second.
 Hertz (Hz):
Unit to measure frequency and pitch
Pitch and
Loudness
 Sound can differ in pitch and
loudness.
 Pitch tells us how shrill and deep
a sound is. For example voice of
a girl is shrill (high pitch) and
voice of a man is deep (low
pitch).
 Pitch depends on frequency.
 Loudness of sound tells us how
loud or soft a sound is.
 Loudness depends on amplitude.

Which of the
following
waves have
both high
amplitude
and high
pitch? How
can you
determine it?
Noise
Noise is unwanted sound
considered unpleasant to
hearing which can threaten
the well being or health of an
individual.

Excessive noise pollution can cause:


• Hearing loss
• Tinnitus
• Anxiety
• Sleep disturbance
• Hypertension

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