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Classes and Objects in Python

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2 views

Classes and Objects in Python

Uploaded by

laptopluminary
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Classes And Objects In Python

Introduction to Classes and Objects

Classes are the foundational building


blocks of object-oriented
programming in Python.

An object is an instance of a class,


containing both data and methods
that operate on that data.

Understanding classes and objects is


essential for creating reusable and
organized code.
What is a Class?

A class defines a blueprint for creating


objects in Python.

It encapsulates data for the object


and methods to manipulate that data.

Classes can include attributes, which


are variables, and methods, which are
functions defined within the class.
Creating a Class

You define a class in Python using the


`class` keyword followed by the class
name.

A class can include an `__init__`


method, which is called when an
object is instantiated.

The `__init__` method can take


parameters to initialize the object's
attributes.
Defining Attributes

Attributes are defined within the


`__init__` method using `self` to refer
to the instance of the class.

Each object can have different values


for the same attribute, allowing for
unique instances.

Attributes can be of any data type,


including numbers, strings, lists, and
even other objects.
Defining Methods

Methods are functions defined inside a


class that can operate on the
instance's attributes.

They are called using the syntax


`object.method()` where `object` is
an instance of the class.

Methods can also take parameters


and return values, just like regular
functions.
Creating an Object

An object is created by calling the


class as if it were a function.

The `__init__` method is executed,


and the object's attributes are
initialized.

Each object created from a class can


maintain its own state and behavior.
Inheritance

Inheritance allows one class to inherit


attributes and methods from another
class.

This promotes code reusability and


establishes a relationship between
classes.

The new class, called a subclass, can


also have its own additional attributes
and methods.
Encapsulation

Encapsulation is the concept of


restricting access to certain attributes
or methods of an object.

In Python, this can be achieved using


private attributes with a leading
underscore.

This helps to protect the internal state


of an object and maintain its integrity.
Polymorphism

Polymorphism allows different classes


to be treated as instances of the same
class through a common interface.

This means that the same method


name can behave differently
depending on the object calling it.

It promotes flexibility and the ability


to extend functionality without
modifying existing code.
Conclusion

Understanding classes and objects is


crucial for effective programming in
Python.

They enable the organization of code


into logical structures and promote
reusability.

Mastering these concepts will


significantly enhance your ability to
write clean and efficient Python code.
References

Python Official Documentation:


https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/class
es.html

Real Python:
https://realpython.com/python3-
object-oriented-programming/

GeeksforGeeks:
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python
-classes-and-objects/

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