JUDICIAL

BRANCH
 JUDICIAL BRANCH
The Judicial Branch is in charge of
deciding the meaning of laws, how to
apply them to real situations, and
whether a law breaks the rules of the
Constitution.
 JUDICIAL BRANCH
The Judiciary decides on the validity, legality
and constitutionality of newly-approved laws.
If these laws are considered to be
unconstitutional, they might undergo change
or replacement.
 INDEPENDENCE OF THE
JUDICIARY
Decisions are made without the influence
from, either the executive or legislative
branches, ensuring impartiality.
 QUALIFICATIONS OF JUSTICES AND
A. Justice of Supreme Court
JUDGES
• A natural born citizen of the Philippines.
• At least 40 years old.
• Been a judge of a lower court or engaged in the
practice of law in the Philippines for 15 years or
more.
• Independent
QUALIFICATIONS OF JUSTICES AND
JUDGES
B. Judges of the Lower Courts
• a citizen of the Philippines
• a member of the Philippine Bar Council
• Be a person of proven competence integrity,
probity, and independence
QUALIFICATIONS OF JUSTICES AND
JUDGES
• tenure of Office of the Judiciary
• Members of the Supreme court and judges of
the lower courts shall enjoy their office during
good behavior
• Members of the SC shall enjoy the office until
they are removed in their long and difficult
process of impeachment
QUALIFICATIONS OF JUSTICES AND
JUDGES
• hold office until they reached 70 years or
become incapacitated
• until dismissed by members of the SC on a
probable cause.
The chief justice and associate justices are
appointed by the President of the
Philippines, chosen from a shortlist
submitted by the judicial and Bar Council.
The Supreme Court is
the
highest court in the land
and it supervises all the
other cases and render
judgement on them.
 Supreme Court is
composed of a Chief
Justice and fourteen
associate justices who
serve until the age of 70.
Chief Justice Alexander G.
Gesmundo
The Honorable Members of the Supreme Court of the
Philippines
 POWERS OF
THE SUPREME
COURT
1987 CONSTITUTION, ARTICLE VII, SECTION 5
 Exercise original jurisdiction over cases
affecting ambassadors, other public ministers
and consuls, and over petitions for certiorari,
prohibiti mandamus, quo warranto, and
habeas corpus.
Review, revise, reverse, modify, or affirm,
on appeal or certiorari, as the law or the
Rules of Court may provide, final
judgments and orders the lower courts.
Assign temporarily judges of lower courts to
other stations as public interest may require.
Such temporary assignments shall not
exceed six months without the consent of
the judge concerned.
Order a change of venue or place of trial
to avoid a miscarriage of justice.
 Promulgate rules concerning the
protection and enforcement of
constitutional rights, pleading, practice,
and procedure in all courts; the admission
to the practice of law, the Integrated Bar;
and legal assistance to the
Appoint all officials and employees of the
Judiciary in accordance with the Civil
Service Law.
HIGHER
COURTS
 COURT OF TAX
APPEALS

COURT OF SANDIGANBAYAN
APPEALS
The Court of Appeals is
the second highest
tribunal in the country,
which was established
on February 1, 1936 by
virtue of Commonwealth
Act No. 3.
 It is composed of one
presiding justice and 68
associate justices, all of
which are appointed by the
President from a shortlist
submitted by the Judicial
Presiding Justice

and Bar Council. Fernanda C. Lampas-

Peralta
JURISDICTION
OF THE COURT
OF APPEALS
 Original jurisdiction to issue writs of
mandamus, prohibition, certiorari, habeas
corpus, and quo warranto, and auxiliary writs
or processes, whether or not in aid of its
 Exclusive original jurisdiction over
actions for annulment of judgements of
Regional Trial Courts
 Exclusive appellate jurisdiction over all final
judgements, resolutions, orders or awards of
Regional Trial Courts and quasi-judicial agencies,
instrumentalities, boards or commission.
 The Court of Tax
Appeals of the
Philippines is the special
court of limited
jurisdiction, and has the
same level with the
Court of Appeals.
The court consists of eight
Associate Justices and
one Presiding Justice.

Presiding Justice
Hon. Roman G. Del
Rosario
The Court of Tax Appeals reviews and
makes decisions on appeals from tax-
related cases.
The Sandiganbayan is a
special court in the
Philippines that handles
criminal and civil cases
involving graft and
corruption. Its purpose is to
maintain honesty and
 The Sandiganbayan
comprises of one
presiding justice and 14
associate justices.
Presiding Justice
Geraldine Faith
Econg
LOWER
COURTS
 There are thirteen
REGIONAL TRIAL
COURTS corresponding
to the thirteen regions of
the country and with
around 772 Regional Trial
Judges.
 THE METROPOLITAN
TRIAL COURTS in the
towns and cities in the
Metropolitan Manila area,
as distinguished from the
other political subdivisions
in the Philippines
 MUNICIPAL TRIAL
COURTS IN CITIES.
Created in each of the
municipalities or cities
outside the Metropolitan
area.
MUNICIPAL CIRCUIT
TRIAL COURTS.
Comprises cities and
municipalities grouped
together as a circuit
pursuant to law.
 SHARI’A DISTRICT
COURTS Established in
certain specified
provinces in Mindanao
where the Code of
Muslim Personal Laws
of the Philippines is being
Cases falling within the exclusive jurisdiction
of the Shari'a District Courts primarily pertain
to family rights and duties as well as
contractual relations of Filipino Muslims in
 REFERENCES
OFFICIAL GAZETTE, THE JUDICIAL BRANCH
HTTPS://WWW.OFFICIALGAZETTE.GOV.PH/ABOUT/GOV/
BEN’S GUIDE TO THE US GOVERNMENT, THE JUDICIAL
JUDICIARY
BRANCH
HTTPS://BENSGUIDE.GPO.GOV/A-JUDICIAL
JELLO CALZADA (2021), PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE - JUDICIAL BRANCH OF THE
GOVERNMENT
HTTPS://YOUTU.BE/AY9CPJH_BIM?SI=MK7KMX2GWVZWP0IL
CURLY KARLA (2017), ARTICLE 8 JUDICIAL BRANCH OF THE PHILIPPINES
HTTPS://YOUTU.BE/WFCX_RTNPPO?SI=6TALU86KE3C_GZHD
THE MANILA TIMES (JUNE 2024), MEMBERS OF THE SUPREME COURT IN THE PHILIPPINES
HTTPS://WWW.MANILATIMES.NET/2024/06/17/SUPPLEMENTS/THE-MEMBERS-OF-THE-SUPREME-COURT-
OF-THE-PHILIPPINES/1951756
KATHLYNEJHAYNE, SLIDESHARE. JUDICIARY BRANCH
HTTPS://WWW.SLIDESHARE.NET/SLIDESHOW/JUDICIARY-BRANCHPPTX/261243371#2