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Inverse of Matrices

The document explains the concept of matrix multiplication, particularly focusing on the identity matrix and the inverse of a matrix. It provides step-by-step instructions for finding the inverse of a 2x2 matrix and demonstrates how to use matrix inverses to solve systems of equations. Additionally, it includes examples and instructions for using a calculator to compute matrix inverses and determinants.

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baldoqueliza
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14 views12 pages

Inverse of Matrices

The document explains the concept of matrix multiplication, particularly focusing on the identity matrix and the inverse of a matrix. It provides step-by-step instructions for finding the inverse of a 2x2 matrix and demonstrates how to use matrix inverses to solve systems of equations. Additionally, it includes examples and instructions for using a calculator to compute matrix inverses and determinants.

Uploaded by

baldoqueliza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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 2  1 2 Multiplying a

What is AI?  0 1 5  A matrix by the


 
 1 0 0
 2  2 3 identity gives the
matrix back again.

I 3 20 1 12 0 
What is IA?  0 1 5  A
 1 0 0
 
 
2  1 2 
2 0 2 0
3 
 1   
A  0 1 5  I 3  0 1 0 
 2  2 3  0 0 1

an n  n matrix with ones on the main diagonal and


zeros elsewhere
Can we find a matrix to multiply the first matrix by to
get the identity?
 1
  3  1   1  2   1 0
 4   ? 3   
 2  2   0 1
 2 
 1
  1     3  1  1 0 
2 
 
3  4  
2  2   0 1
 2 
Let A be an n n matrix. If there exists a matrix B
such that AB = BA = I then we call this matrix the
inverse of A and denote it A-1.
 a b
Finding the Inverse of a 2x2 matrix c d
 
Step-1 First find what is called the Determinant
This is calculated as ad-bc
d b
Step-2 Then swap the elements in the leading diagonal
c a 

Step-3 Then negate the other elements  d  b


 c a
 

Step-4 Then multiply the Matrix by 1/determinant

1  d  b
ad  cb   c a 
inverse matrix 4
Example Find Inverse of A
Step 1 – Calc Determinant
4 8 Determinant (ad-cb) = 4x3-8x1 = 4
A  
1 3
 3 8
step2  
Step 2 – Swap Elements on leading diagonal  1 4 
 3  8
step3  
Step 3 – negate the other elements  1 4

1  3  8
step4  
Step 4 – multiply by 1/determinant 4  1 4
check

1  0.75  2 AA
1  4 8  0.75  2

A  
  
 1 3    0.25 1 
  0 . 25 1  3  2  8  8  1 0
     0 1
 0.75  0.75  23   
inverse matrix 5
Find the inverses and check them

 2 6 1  5  6   1.25  1.5 
1
A   A     
 1 5 4   1 2    0.25 0.5 

  5 20  1  2  20   0.2  2 
1
B   B     
1 2  10  1  5   0.1  0.5 

2 2  1   1  2   0.5 1 
C   1
C     
 0  1  2 0 2   0  1

inverse matrix 6
We can use A-1 to solve a system of equations

x  3 y 1 To see how, we can re-write a


system of equations as matrices.
2 x  5 y 3

Ax  b
coefficient variable constant
matrix matrix matrix

 1 3  x  1
 2 5  y   
     3
Why will it help us solve equations?
Because if we can express a system of equations in
the form
Ax b
Then we can multiply both sides by the inverse matrix

1 1
A Ax  A b
And we can then know the values of X 1
because A A I
x A b 1

inverse matrix 8
Solving systems of equations
We can use our 2x2 matrices to express these
systems of equations

x y 240 Becomes in matrix



x  3y 0  form

 1 1   x1   240 
     
 1  3  x 2   0 
constants
constants from the
UNKNOWNS
from the X ~ x1 right hand
left hand Y ~ x2 side
side inverse matrix 9
Your calculator can compute inverses and
determinants of matrices.

For the inverse:


Step 1: enter the matrix
into the calculator
Step 2: Pull up matrix
entered onto the screen
Step 3: hit the x^-1 button
and enter (this will give
you the inverse matrix).
Now using the previous problem we will allow the
calculator to do the work.

Enter this as
matrix A in
the calc

 1 1   x1   240 
     
 1  3 x 2   0 

Enter this as
Matrix B in the
calc
Your Turn solve the following
 3 4  x   5 
3x +4y = 5       Answer x = -1 y = 2
 5 6  y   7 
5x = 7-6y

 1 7   x   1.24 
     
x+7y = 1.24   1 3   y   0.76 
Answer x = -0.16 y = 0.2

3y -x = 0.76

 8  3  x    1 
      Answer x = -2 y = -5
8x = 3y -1  1 1  y    7 

x+y =-7
inverse matrix 12

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