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Naptha Crack-Bhaskar Rao BOOK

Naphtha cracking is a process used globally to produce olefins like ethylene and propylene through thermal or steam cracking of naphtha, which is a mixture of alkanes and alkenes. The process involves careful selection of feedstock and cracking conditions to maximize yields while managing byproducts and removing acidic gases. The resulting products are further processed and separated into various fractions for different applications.

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36 views15 pages

Naptha Crack-Bhaskar Rao BOOK

Naphtha cracking is a process used globally to produce olefins like ethylene and propylene through thermal or steam cracking of naphtha, which is a mixture of alkanes and alkenes. The process involves careful selection of feedstock and cracking conditions to maximize yields while managing byproducts and removing acidic gases. The resulting products are further processed and separated into various fractions for different applications.

Uploaded by

uuterii4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Naphtha Cracking

• Thro’out the world Naphtha cracking is done for producing olefins,


such as, ethylene, propylene etc.
• These olefins can also be made by dehydrogenation of
corresponding alkanes.
• Since Naphtha consists of mixture of alkanes, alkenes etc. it can
produce olefins, ethylene, propylene, butadiene, upon
thermal/steam cracking thro’ following reactions:
• Feedstock having close mol.wt. with products are
preferred, because, dehydrogenation reactions
are very fast.
• For cracking lighter stocks, temperature of
cracking has to be increased..
• Hot effluents are cooled in a transfer line heat exchanger (2),
receovered heat is used for producing high pr. Steam (100-120
kg/cm2)
• Hot product gases are rapidly quenched in a quench/pyrolysis
fractionator (3) by showering them with chilled water/cooled
feestock/cool circulating oils.
• Apart form quenching, mild fractionation also happens.
• The bottom product of this step is heavy/fuel oils
& polymer products
• Lighter fractions at top are cooled with reflux
condenser
• From condenser, gases move to acid gas removal,
some distillate is collected in the bottom.
• Product gases are mixed with acidic gases such as
SO2, CO2, CO, H2S, Nitric oxides, these are
removed by ‘Stripper’ with suitable solvents
• Acid free gases are cooled & dried, then
compressed to 30-40 atm and chilled so that
propane & higher components are liquefied…
• Liquified propane & product gases are separated
in a ‘Depropaniser’ unit
• Top of depropaniser mainly contains H2, CH4 and
C2 fractions.
• This mixture is further cooled in a
‘Demethanizer’(4) to liquify C2 fractions &
remove CH4 and H2 gases
• Bottoms from demethanizer contains acetylene
which is converted to ethylene by
‘hydrogenator’, leading to a mixture of ethane-
ethylene, which is separated in a fractionation
column (5)..
• Propane from depropanizer is processed to
propane, propylene & butane fractions.
• Ethane & propane are routed through a second
coil of furnace, for providing heating..
• Proper selection of cracking conditions and rapid
quenching gives high yields of desired
olefins..otherwise undersired products may form
Feedstock Selection

Feedstock subjected to high partial pressures (1.2 kg/cm2) produce


9% H2, whereas operations at low partial pressures (0.3 kg/cm2) yields
15% H2

Aromatic rich stocks resist cracking, hence their presence always reduces
Naphthenic feedstock on cracking/pyrolysis leads to more aromatic
concentration…no preferred..

Paraffin rich stocks are prefered, n-paraffins are better than i-paraffins.

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