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Lec Seventeen

The document discusses solving state equations in the time domain rather than using the Laplace transform, focusing on the state-transition matrix. It distinguishes between the zero input response, which depends on the initial state vector, and the zero-state response, which depends on the input. An example is provided to illustrate finding the state-transition matrix through inverse Laplace transformation.

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muzamilsiddique2470
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4 views10 pages

Lec Seventeen

The document discusses solving state equations in the time domain rather than using the Laplace transform, focusing on the state-transition matrix. It distinguishes between the zero input response, which depends on the initial state vector, and the zero-state response, which depends on the input. An example is provided to illustrate finding the state-transition matrix through inverse Laplace transformation.

Uploaded by

muzamilsiddique2470
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Control

Engineering
ME – 4012
Instructor
Muhammad Rizwan Siddiqui
MS Mechanical (GIKI, Swabi)
PhD in Progress (NUST, Isb)
Time Domain Solution of State
Equations
Rather than using the Laplace transform, we solve the
equations directly in the time domain using a method closely
allied to the classical solution of differential equations

The solution in the time domain is given directly by


Time Domain Solution of State
Equations

Where is called the state-transition matrix


Notice that the first term on the right-hand side of the equation
is the response due to the initial state vector, x(0)
Notice also that it is the only term dependent on the initial
state vector and not the input.
We call this part of the response the zero input response, since
it is the total response if the input is zero
Time Domain Solution of State
Equations

• The second term, called the convolution integral, is dependent


only on the input, u, and the input matrix, B, not the initial state
vector
• We call this part of the response the zero-state response, since it
is the total response if the initial state vector is zero
• let us examine the form the elements of take for linear, time-
invariant systems
• for the unforced system
From which we can see that is the Laplace transform of the state-transition matrix,
Time Domain Solution of State
Equations
Examp
le
Example

Find the state-transition matrix


As is the inverse Laplace transform of , So
Example

Expanding each term in the matrix by partial fractions:

Now taking inverse Laplace transform


Example
Now
Example
Problem

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