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COSM

This presentation covers point and interval estimations in statistics, explaining how they are used to infer population characteristics from sample data. It discusses various types of estimators, including unbiased, consistent, and efficient estimators, as well as the concept of confidence intervals and hypothesis testing. Key takeaways emphasize the importance of these estimation techniques in making accurate inferences about populations.

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36 views11 pages

COSM

This presentation covers point and interval estimations in statistics, explaining how they are used to infer population characteristics from sample data. It discusses various types of estimators, including unbiased, consistent, and efficient estimators, as well as the concept of confidence intervals and hypothesis testing. Key takeaways emphasize the importance of these estimation techniques in making accurate inferences about populations.

Uploaded by

avishyam.tentu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Point and Interval

Estimations

Welcome to this presentation on point and interval


estimations. In statistics, we use estimation techniques to
infer population characteristics based on sample data.

T. Avinash
237R1A05C2
CSE_B
Point Estimation
Point estimation involves using a single value, called a point
estimate, to represent an unknown population parameter.

Mean Variance
The sample mean is The sample variance
often used to estimate can be used to estimate
the population mean. the population variance.

Proportion
The sample proportion is used to estimate the population proportio
Unbiased Estimators
An unbiased estimator is one whose expected value equals
the true value of the population parameter.

1 No Systematic 2 Accuracy
Error
They are more likely
Unbiased estimators to be close to the
do not consistently true value in the long
overestimate or run.
underestimate the
population
parameter.
Consistent Estimators
A consistent estimator is one that converges to the true value of the
population parameter as the sample size increases.

1 Large Sample Size


As the sample size gets larger, the estimator gets closer to the true value.

2 Reduced Variability
The estimator becomes less variable and more precise as
the sample size increases.

3 Confidence
We can have greater confidence in the estimator's accuracy
with a larger sample size.
Efficient Estimators
An efficient estimator is one that has the smallest variance among all unbiased estimators.

Minimal Variability Reliability Statistical Power

Efficient estimators have less They provide more reliable Efficient estimators lead to
spread around the true value, estimates of the population more powerful hypothesis
making them more precise. parameter. tests, making it easier to
detect true differences.
Interval Estimation
Interval estimation provides a range of plausible values for an unknown population parameter.

Point Estimate Confidence Interval


A single value that represents the best guess for the parameter.
A range of values that is likely to contain the true
value of the parameter.
Confidence Intervals
Confidence intervals are constructed with a certain level of
confidence, usually 95% or 99%.

Lower Bound The smallest value in the


interval.

Upper Bound The largest value in the interval.

Confidence Level The probability that the


true value of the
parameter falls within
the interval.
Hypothesis Testing
Hypothesis testing is a statistical method used to test claims about
population parameters.

Null Hypothesis Alternative Hypothesis


A statement about the A statement that contradicts
population parameter that we the null hypothesis.
want to test.

Test Statistic P-value

A value calculated from the


sample data that is used to test
the hypothesis.
Conclusion and Key
Takeaways
Point and interval estimations are essential tools for making inferences about
populations based on sample data.

1 Unbiased 2 Consistent
Estimators Estimators
Provide accurate Become more precise
estimates of as the sample size
population increases.
parameters.
Confidence Hypothesis Testing
3 4
Intervals
Provide a range of Helps us test claims
plausible values for about population
population parameters.
parameters.
APPLICATIO
NS
• UNIT – I : Probability and Random Variable:-
Probability theory makes use of some fundamentals such as sample space, probability
distributions, random variables, etc. to find the likelihood of occurrence of an event.
• UNIT-II : Discrete and Continuous Distributions :-
Continuous Probability Distribution functions have various applications in real life that
includes: Finance and Economics, Physics and Engineering, Demography and Social
Sciences, Healthcare and Biology, Quality Control and Manufacturing
• UNIT-III: Sampling Distribution:-
Sampling distributions are essential for inferential statistics because they allow you to
understand a specific sample statistic in the broader context of other possible values.
Crucially, they let you calculate probabilities associated with your sample.
• UNIT-IV: Estimation, Simple Linear Regression and Correlation :-
Correlation and regression are the two most commonly used techniques for
investigating the relationship between quantitative variables.
• UNIT-V: Tests of Hypothesis :-
Hypothesis tests are vital statistical tools that evaluate the validity of new theories by
comparing them to empirical data. They provide a structured approach to decision-
making, emphasizing data-driven insights over personal biases or subjective opinions.
THANK
YOU 🙏

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