NEC Marketing and Product Management

Revised 5 February 2009

iPasolink 1000 Training

Steven Benz
NEC Communications Infrastructure Solutions,
October 2015
Mark O’Rielly, NEC Marketing
Originated:15/01/09
 Radio 101

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The Original Transmitter

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3tDX85ZK14Q

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Eaarly Modulation Attempts Unsuccessful

http://tesladownunder.com/
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Electromagnetic Waves

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Electromagnetic Waves

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Frequency and Wavelength

Electromagnetic waves in free space travel at the speed of light, 299 792 458 m/s

Microwave radio in Australia range in frequency between 6 GHz and 80 GHz

and wavelength between 50 and 3.75 mm

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Transmitter

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Methods of Modulation

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Digital Modulation

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16 QAM Constellation

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Constellations 256 QAM to 2048 QAM

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Microwave Transmitters

1974 - All Indoor full rack 20 Mbps

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Microwave Transmitters

2014 Worlds Highest Capacity Indoor Unit

12 x 620 Mbps, 48 Gbps Backplane

2014 Worlds smallest tuneable Outdoor Unit

2034  ????

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Open Wire Transmission Lines

Low Loss but difficult to install, proximity to metal problematic.

Generally only used today up to 30 MHz

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Coaxial Cable

Field's enclosed making transmission line easy to install directly against structures

Can be optimised for power handling (35 Ω) or insertion loss (75 Ω),
Generally 50Ω is used for TR cables and 75 Ω for RX only.

Loss limits useful frequency's to approx. 1 GHz for long runs and 8 – 10 GHz for shorter cables.

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Waveguide

Field's enclosed making transmission line easy to install directly against structures.

Has a high pass characteristic, can only operate in in lowest loss mode for limited bandwidth

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Coaxial Cable Attenuation

Attenuation dB/100m 1/2" Foam Coax

30

25

20

15
Attenuation dB/100m

10

0
5 2 30 100 174 400 512 750 894 960 400 800 200 600 500 000 800
0.
1 1 2 2 3 6 8

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Waveguide Attenuation

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Antennas

Antenna couple the electromagnetic energy in and out of the Aether and can also focus this
energy in a particular direction of interest

The quintessential device for this is the parabolic dish antenna

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Parabolic Diah

G is the gain over an isotropic source in dB

k is the efficiency factor which is generally around 50% to 60%, i.e. 0.5 to 0.6
D is the diameter of the parabolic reflector in metres
λ is the wavelength of the signal in metres

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 Radiation efficiency: The radiation efficiency is denoted as kr above. It is governed by the resistive or
Ohmic losses within the antenna
Aperture Taper Efficiency: The aperture taper efficiency is denoted as kt above. It affects the antenna
gain because the whole parabolic reflector needs to be properly illuminated for the optimum gain to be
achieved.
Spillover Efficiency: The spillover efficiency is denoted as ks above. Any energy that spills over the edge
of the reflector surface will reduce the efficiency
Surface Error : In order to provide the highest levels of parabolic reflector antenna gain, the surface must
follow the parabolic contour as accurately as possible.
Cross Polarization : As with any other antenna the polarisation of the transmitted and received signals
must match
Aperture Blockage: The physical structure of the feed and other elements of the antenna often mask part
of the reflectorNon-Single Point Feed: The focal point of the reflector is a single point. However all
antennas have a finite size and therefore this will mean that the antenna extends outside the focal point of
the reflector. The larger the radiating element with respect to the reflecting surface, the more of a problem
this is and the larger impact it has on the antenna gain.

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Example: Andrew VHLP4-7W
Antenna Type VHLP - ValuLine® High Performance Low Profile Antenna, single-polarized
Diameter, nominal 1.2 m | 4 ft
Polarization Single

Beamwidth 2.2 °

Cross Polarization
Discrimination 32 dB
(XPD)

Electrical
Brazil Anatel Class 2 | ETSI 302 217 Class 3
Compliance

Front-to-Back Ratio 63 dB

Gain, Low Band 36.8 dBi

Gain, Mid Band 37.3 dBi
Gain, Top Band 37.7 dBi
Operating
7.125 – 8.500 GHz
Frequency Band

Radiation Pattern
Envelope Reference 7079D
(RPE)
Return Loss 17.7 dB
VSWR 1.30

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Notional Gain/Efficiency Calculation

Based on the Gain Equation the notional gain (100%) efficiency is

10*log(( Pi*1.2)/(3E8/7.125E9))

Or 39.039 dBi ( 8015 x Input Power)

The Published gain is 36.8 dBi ( 4786 x Input Power) therefor the antenna efficiency is

59.7%

The beamwidth BW varies with frequency, at 7.125 GHz the BW calculates to 2.45º

and at 8.5 GHz 2.05º. Antenna BW is usually specified in the middle of the operating band,

In our example the mid band BW calculates to 2.24º

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Receiver Thresholds

The signal generated in the transmitter, carried to the antenna via the feeder and sent towards the
Receiver where another antenna collects what's left of the signal and attempts to
Decode the signal and recover the information.

The ability of the receiver to respond to the week arriving signal and decode the information is generally
expressed as the sensitivity of the receiver. The receive threshold is generally the minimum level at which
the receiver can recover the information without error or noise.

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Example: IAP 7 MHz Channel

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Link Range Example

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 Regulatory Environment

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ACMA Regulations

Australian Communications and Media Authority controls access to Radio Frequency

spectrum in Australia.
Spectrum Allocated several ways,

Spectrum License:
A spectrum licence authorises you to use a parcel of spectrum space
- a particular frequency band within a particular geographic area
- for a period of up to 15 years.
These parcels of spectrum space are called Standard Trading Units,
created by the Australian Communications and Media Authority (the ACMA)
to assist spectrum allocation and trading.
Spectrum licensees can change their service over time in response to commercial realities,
and respond to technological innovation without having to seek government approval.

Typically Telecommunications companies, i.e. Mobile Phone Spectrum.

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Class License
Class License

Satellite communications equipment

Wireless local area network (LAN) or private automatic branch exchanges (PABXs)
Wireless microphones
Cellular mobile phones
Remote control of models
Citizen band radio stations (CBRS)
Personal handphone, for short range person to person communications
Cordless telephones
Personal marine distress beacons, such as emergency position
indicating radio beacons (EPIRBs) and other satellite distress beacons.
Infrared frequency devices
Miscellaneous low power devices

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Apparatus License
Aeronautical
Aircraft
Amateur
Broadcasting
Data casting
Defence
Earth
Fixed
Land Mobile
Maritime Coast
Maritime Ship
Outpost
Public Telecommunications Service
Radio determination
Scientific
Space
Defence Receive
Earth Receive
Fixed Receive
Major Coast Receive
Space Receive

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Fixed Point to Point

Terrestrial Links Licensed as Fixed Point to Point

Usually in pairs, transmit and receive

Bands available:

L6 GHz
U6 GHz
7 GHz
8 GHz
10 GHz
11 GHz
13 GHz
15 GHz
23 GHz
38 GHz

Details in RALI: FX3

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Fixed Services Band

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Fixed Services Band

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Eventually everything gets taxed!

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Example: 7.5 GHz Band

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Notional Antennas

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Minimum Acceptable Antenna

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Extract from Antenna Supplier Catalogue

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Fees

Table 2.1 Licence charges

Issue charge Renewal/instalment

Licensing option
(GST excl) charge

Point-to-point $493 $4.00

Fixed receive $197 $4.00

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Spectrum Access Tax

For a 56 MHz the channel annual charge for a link ranges from $19,465.60 for 6 GHz
in a high density area to as little as $11.20 in a remote area above 51.4 GHz.

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Cost Benefit Analysis

In high density areas spectrum cost can drive technical decisions, consider 2 possible
designs for a 22 km link, notionally one in the 6 GHz band, 40 MHz channels and the other in the
11 GHz Band, also in a 40 MHz channel. Equipment cost and link capacity are the same,
we will see later that propagation losses may mean that the 11 GHz solution will demand a larger
antenna than the 6 GHz for the same link availability.

The annual tax for a 1+0 6 GHz link is $13,904.00

The cost for the same link in the 11 GHz band is $11,928.00, a saving of $1,976 pa

Consider that the retail cost difference between a 2 ft antenna (Suitable in 6GHz) and a
4 ft antenna (Suitable in 11 GHz) may be as little as $1,000 the payback period is very short.

Taking this to the extreme, consider using 38 GHz for this link, the annual savings in spectrum
tax would be more than $9,000 pa however to obtain acceptable performance at least a 4.5 m antenna
would be needed, the capital cost of a pair of these antennas would exceed $40,000 and in most cases
significantly more substantial towers are also required.

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High Spectrum Demand Area

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High Spectrum Demand Area

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Medium Density Area

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Medium Density Area

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Low Density Area

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Low Density Area

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License Database
http://web.acma.gov.au/pls/radcom/register_search.main_page

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Searches

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Searches

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 Radio Link Design

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Line of Sight

Height is Might for Line of Sight

d 1 3.57 h d 2 3.57 h
H1=100m, H2=50m so d1=35.7 km and d2=25.2 km,
the optical line of site distance is 60.9 km

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Refraction

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The Atmosphere

Pressure variation/density of Air causes refraction of the radio wave

increasing Radio horizon……

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Radio Horizon

This is expresses as a k-factor, typically k=4/3 is used

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Link Design

d 1 3.57 kh d 2 3.57 kh
H1=100m, H2=50m so d1=41.22 km and d2=29.14 km,
the optical line of site distance is 70.37 km

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Fraunhofer Diffraction

When a point source radiates from a circular aperture,

a characteristic diffraction pattern is created in the far field.
These phenomenon were first described by Fraunhofer and Fresnel

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Fresnel Zone (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_zone)

The concept of Fresnel zone clearance may be used to analyse interference by obstacles near the path of a radio beam. The
first zone must be kept largely free from obstructions to avoid interfering with the radio reception. However, some
obstruction of the Fresnel zones can often be tolerated. As a rule of thumb the maximum obstruction allowable is 40%, but
the recommended obstruction is 20% or less.
For establishing Fresnel zones, first determine the RF Line of Sight (RF LoS), which in simple terms is a straight line
between the transmitting and receiving antennas. Now the zone surrounding the RF LoS is said to be the Fresnel zone.
The general equation for calculating the Fresnel zone radius at any point P in between the endpoints of the link is the
following (all dimensions are in m):

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Fresnel Zone

For our previous example, a 70 km link would have a first Fresnel radius in the middle of the path of

, as you can see the diameter is dependant on the wavelength,

for a 400 MHz link (λ= 0.75m) F1 is 114 m

For a typical microwave frequency at 7.5 GHz (λ=0.025m) F1 = 20.91 m

From our previous example the direct path just grazes the earth, this would mean that 100% of the first
Fresnel zone would be obstructed. This would introduce significant additional loss in the link.

Using the rule of thumb described previously 60% -80% for F1 should be clear then
On the 70 km link the antennas should be raised by between
10 m (0.8x 20.91m) and 12.5 m (0.6 x 20.91 m) to achieve adequate clearance on the path.

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If unobstructed, radio waves will travel in a straight line from
the transmitter to the receiver. But if there are reflective surfaces
along the path, such as bodies of water or smooth terrain, the
radio waves reflecting off those surfaces may arrive either out of
phase or in phase with the signals that travel directly to the
receiver. Waves that reflect off of surfaces within an even
Fresnel zone are out of phase with the direct-path wave and
reduce the power of the received signal. Waves that reflect off of
surfaces within an odd Fresnel zone are in phase with the direct-
path wave.

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Diffraction Loss
When a signal passes an obstacle with less than a Fresnel zone clearance there will be some loss
due to the destructive interference as the EM wave passes the obstruction. There are 2 cases where
The path may be obstructed, where optical line of sight exists but the first Fresnel zone is not clear,
This is the case b below, h negative. This is typically called grazing line of sight. In the
more extreme case the obstruction completely blocks line of site to the receiver,
this is considered an obstructed path. In both cases additional path loss is incurred.

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Grazing LOS Loss

As the chart below illustrates a grazing LOS path may have as much as 10 dB additional
Path loss that should be considered in the link design. It should also be noted that the loss
becomes negligible the closer the path is to having 1 Fresnel zone clear. At 0.6 the loss is less than
2 dB and at 0.8 less the 0.5 dB.

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Obstructed Line Of sight
Almost never used in Microwave link path design. When the links optical line of sight is
blocked some signal can still propagate around the obstruction. In general the loss is calculated
using the equation

Where

Graph http://www.mike-willis.com

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Reflection

The main and reflected signals arrive with a phase difference, the to signals add vectorially
and the resultant amplitude varies from +6 dB to -∞. In practice the reflection amplitude is rarely the
same as the direct and so the gain in the constructive case id less than 6 and the loss in the destructive
is limited. Typically one might see +3 dB to -20 dB on a flat (or over water) path

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Anomalous Propagation

Modes include:

Super Refraction
Atmospheric Duct
Meteor Scatter

Aircraft Scatter
Under Refraction
Tropospheric Scatter

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Tropospheric Forecast
Certain modes are weather related, particularly refraction, ducting and tropo scattering modes.

Of interest may be the work of William Hepburn in predicting tropospheric conditions in regards

RF propogation.

http://www.dxinfocentre.com/tropo_aus.html

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Free Space Loss

The concept of free space loss is not exactly a loss as such rather the ratio of the Power received over
the power transmitted, the radiated energy is not lost as such, rather is not in the correct location
to be received. This ratio can be expressed logarithmically in the equation below:

(d km)

For the example of our 70 km link at 7.5 GHz the free space loss will be 146.8 dB

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Absorption Losses
In general radio links are built here on earth and are rarely in “Free Space” at certain frequencies the
Earths atmosphere can significantly attenuate radio signals, particularly in the higher microwave bands

Gas Loss 7.5 GHz 0.011 dB/km

13 GHz 0.022 dB/km
23 GHz 0.198 dB/km
60 GHz 15.017 dB/km
80 GHz 0.359 dB/km

For our example the 70 km link will have

an absorption loss of 0.77 dB

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Rain Rates

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Rainfall Rates

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Attenuation Due to Rain
After many years of observations statistical models have been developed to translate rain rates to
attenuation to allow for reliable availability predictions to be made. In general Rain rate has low
effect on availability up to 11 GHz after which the higher the frequency the large losses due to rainfall
Up to approximately 100 GHz.

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Put it all together: Link Budget

In order for a communications circuit to be established sufficient energy must be received from the
transmitter for the information to be decoded. To establish if the proposed link will work acceptably
a link budget should be calculated.

The main factors in considering a link budget are the transmitter power Pt, cable losses Lt, antenna gain Gt,
propagation losses Lfs, antenna gain Gr, cable losses Lr to allow the receive power to be calculated

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Link Budget
For the 70 km example, lets assume the NEC IAP high power ODU and
Andrew Comscope VHLP6 antennas. Referring to the manufacturers data for a 7 MHz channel
The IAP ODU has a QPSK transmitter power of +34 dBm and the VHLP6-7W antenna has a gain of
40.8 dBi. As the ODU is direct mount to the antenna the transmitter feeder loss Lt
and receiver loss Lr is less than 0.1 dB

Pr is then 34 - 0.1 + 40.8 - 0.77 – 146.8 + 40.8 – 0.1 = -32.17 dBm

The receiver threshold for the IAP – QPSK 7 MHz is -93.5 dBm

This link budget results in a fade margin of 61.33 dB.

This indicates that there is a 61 dB margin before the link would have an error rate exceeding 1 x 10-6

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Link Availability
While the link budget previously calculated indicates that the receive level is significantly
higher then the receiver threshold, however due to the varying nature of the atmosphere, e.g. rainfall
rates and other factors in the path the level may at times be reduced by these events.

Over many years models have been developed to attempt to model and predict this behaviour in order
to translate a calculated fade margin to a statistical measure of availability for the link.

Over many years the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) have as a group developed a series
of recommendations for the calculation of Propagation data and prediction methods required for the
design of terrestrial line-of-sight systems, the latest version of this document is P.530-15.

It is beyond the scope of this course to explain all the details other than to day in simplistic terms, the
P.530-15 document provides the framework to convert fade margin as calculated to a statistical
availability for the link.

Fortunately over the years many tools have been developed to automate this process.

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Link Design Compromises
Available Towers Or Mountain top locations
Required data rates
Required availability
Cost
Dish Size
Tower Loading

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Prediction Tools

NEC currently use Mentum Ellipse, other suppliers include PathLoss, EDX
Progria etc.

All now use digital elevation models , typically Shuttle Radar Topography Mission tiles
but many other formats are available.

All implement ITU (and FCC,others) recommendations to calculate link budgets

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Constructive Reflection

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Destructive Reflections

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Original Desk Example 70 km Link

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With the addition of the Fresnel radius

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Hybrid Path

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Diverse Path

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Radio Link Configurations 1+0

Single Operating Channel

1 Outdoor Unit per end

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Radio Link Configurations 1+1 HS (Hot Standby)

Single Operating Channel

2 Outdoor Units per end, one active and one muted
Single Antenna, active and standby connected by 3 dB or 10 dB Hybrid
Provides Hardware Redundancy but only a single RF path

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Radio Link Configurations: 1+1 HS Hybrid Space
Diversity

Single Operating Channel

2 Outdoor Units per end, one active and one muted
Single Antenna, active and standby connected by 3 dB or 10 dB Hybrid
Dual Antenna, active and standby
Provides Hardware Redundancy and Path Redundancy in one direction

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Radio Link Configurations: Twin Path: Frequency
Diversity

Single Operating Channel

2 Outdoor Units per end, both active
Single Antenna, active and standby connected by 3 dB or 10 dB Hybrid
Provides Hardware Redundancy and Path Redundancy in both directions

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Radio Link Configurations: HS:SD

Single Operating Channel

2 Outdoor Units per end,
Dual Antenna,
Provides Hardware Redundancy and Path Redundancy in both directions

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Radio Link Configurations: 2+0

Dual Operating Channel

2 Outdoor Units per end,
Dual Antenna,
No Hardware Redundancy and No Path Redundancy
Limited IP protection (1/2 rate in a fault mode)

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Radio Link Configurations: n+0

N Operating Channel
N Outdoor Units per end,
N Antenna,
No Hardware Redundancy and No Path Redundancy
Limited IP protection {(n-1/n)*n rate in a fault mode)}

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Radio Link Configurations: 1+0 XPIC

2 Operating Channel (Same Frequency H and V)

2 Outdoor Units per end,
1 Antenna,
No Hardware Redundancy and limited Path Redundancy

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Radio Link Configurations: 1+1 XPIC

2 Operating Channel (Same Frequency H and V)

4 Outdoor Units per end,
1 Antenna,
Hardware Redundancy and limited Path Redundancy

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Some Examples

2 ft Dishes, 7.5 GHz 14 MHz channel

256 QAM (111 Mbps) 99.999% Availability

Same Link, 11 GHz, 14 MHz Channel, 99.986% Availability

Increase the dish size to 12 ft, and the availability is now almost the same
actually 99.998%

Lets stay in 7.5 GHz!

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More Examples

Very Long Water Path, With single 15 ft antennas availability is 99.981%

This will be a very reflective path, ideal for Space Diversity

With Space Diversity (2 x 15 ft) the availability is 99.999%

Alternatively a pair of 8 ft SD antennas can deliver 99.99%

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 Radio Installation

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Installation IDU

Unpack the IDU, Noting the items

taped on the top pad.

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Installation ODU

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IDU Installation

IDU mounts into a standard 19” Rack. Air flow is across the IDU so no clearance is necessary
Top or bottom. 1 RU is recommended for cable management.

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Install the Antenna

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Install the ODU

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Attachment of the ODU

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Antenna Polarisation

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Polarization Type 2 Antenna

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IDU Installation

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 NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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Installation Methods: Winch

Gin Pole

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PdlxKD_nXBI

NEC Confidential
Page 134 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
Installation Methods: Helicopter

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nakunAOiZz0

NEC Confidential
Page 135 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
Installation Methods: Crane

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bj80EBt_d9Y

NEC Confidential
Page 136 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
 iPasolink 1000 Equipment Training

NEC Confidential
Page 137 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
 System Overview

iPasolink 100E is the latest generation of NEC split system radios

NEC Confidential
Page 138 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
Radio Configurations

NEC Confidential
Page 139 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
Radio Configurations

NEC Confidential
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Safety Cautions
Safety Cautions and Warnings

NEC Confidential
Page 141 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
Installation: Hardware Overview

NEC Confidential
Page 142 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
Installation: ODU and Antenna Mounting

NEC Confidential
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Installation: 1+1 Interconnection

NEC Confidential
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Installation: Interface Cards

NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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Operation: General Arrangement

NEC Confidential
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Operation: Block Diagram

NEC Confidential
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Operation: Block Diagram

NEC Confidential
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Operation: IDU Layout

NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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Operation: Local Management Interface

NEC Confidential
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Operation: Default Password

NEC Confidential
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Operation: Access Levels

NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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Operation: LCT Main Window

NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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Operation: Modem Setup Parameters

NEC Confidential
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Operation: Modem Setup Parameters

NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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AMR Setup

NEC Confidential
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AMR Setup

NEC Confidential
Page 174 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
AMR Config

NEC Confidential
Page 175 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
STM-1/E1 Mapping

NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
Page 177 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
Network Management Setup

NEC Confidential
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NMS IP Setting

NEC Confidential
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TDM Setup

NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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Ethernet Setup

NEC Confidential
Page 183 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
Ethernet Options

NEC Confidential
Page 184 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
Modem Provisioning

NEC Confidential
Page 185 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
Modem Switching Setup

NEC Confidential
Page 186 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
TX Power Provisioning

NEC Confidential
Page 187 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
AMR Transition Provisioning

NEC Confidential
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Ethernet Options and Settings

NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
Page 191 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
E1 STM-1 Crossconnect

NEC Confidential
Page 192 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
 NEC Confidential
Page 193 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
Cross Connect Paramaters

NEC Confidential
Page 194 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
 NEC Confidential
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EQUIPMENT CLOCK SETTING

NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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EQUIPMENT CLOCK SETTING

NEC Confidential
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EQUIPMENT CLOCK SETTING

NEC Confidential
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EQUIPMENT CLOCK SETTING

NEC Confidential
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EQUIPMENT CLOCK SETTING

NEC Confidential
Page 201 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
EQUIPMENT CLOCK SETTING

With CLK-E Card

NEC Confidential
Page 202 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
Multiple Clock Setup

NEC Confidential
Page 203 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
Multiple Clock Setup Ring

NEC Confidential
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Relay Alarm Mapping

NEC Confidential
Page 205 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
Order wire / Service Channel Settings

NEC Confidential
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Alarm AIS Settings

NEC Confidential
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Alarm BER Settings

NEC Confidential
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Auxiliary Card Settings

NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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AUX Input Settings

NEC Confidential
Page 212 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
 Refer to the manual for additional 5 tables
NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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Maintenance General

NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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IF Loopback

NEC Confidential
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L2 Loopback

NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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Manual Switch Control

NEC Confidential
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Equipment Utilities

NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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Reset Controls

NEC Confidential
Page 236 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
Radio Control

NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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Laser Management

NEC Confidential
Page 239 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
Equipment Inventory

NEC Confidential
Page 240 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
ODU Information

NEC Confidential
Page 241 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
Main Card Control

NEC Confidential
Page 242 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
Offline Maintenance

DADE should be adjusted if IF cable or Modem has been replaced in a 1+1 system.

NEC Confidential
Page 243 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
Maintenance Indication Screen

NEC Confidential
Page 244 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
IDU Controls and Indications

NEC Confidential
Page 245 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
Maintenance Visual Indications

NEC Confidential
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Maintenance Visual Indications

NEC Confidential
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Maintenance Visual Indications

NEC Confidential
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Troubleshooting

NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
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 NEC Confidential
Page 252 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
PNMSj OPERATOR TRAINING

FOR IPASOLINK 1000

(Air Services Australia Project)

Oct 2013
 Contents

• iPasolink Network Management System Overview

• System Implementation Flow Chart
• Key Features
• Architecture for Comprehensive Network
Management
• Network Communication Protocol
• NMS Interfaces and Bandwidth Requirements
• LCT Operation

• NE Configuration for NMS

• PNMSj Installation

• PNMSj Operation

NEC Confidential
Page 254 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
Network Management System Overview

Higher Level
Manager

PNMSj-1 Remote Client Access

Remote Client
Remote Client Access

WAN/LAN

Managed Digital Radio Network

PNMSj-2

A Maximum of 15 Remote Clients can be assigned

Remote Client

NEC Confidential
Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
 System Implementation Flow Chart

Start
(MW Network Planning)

Installation PNMSj
Team Administrator

iPasolink radio
Installation PNMSj
Installation

Antenna
Pointing Input NE IP
Address for
Auto-discovery

DCN Cabling
installation
New NE’s Added /
Network updated

LCT setup
Assign IP address

PNMS
Management

NEC Confidential
Page 256 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
 Key Features

Architecture for Comprehensive Network Management

• Central and Regional Configuration -- Central PNMSj monitor and control all the regions, Upto 50 regions,
10,000 Network Elements in a system.
• PNMSj parallel operation for NMS Redundancy.
• PNMS Client Remote Access -- anytime / anywhere access PNMSj server over an IP network.
• Northbound SNMP interface for integration to higher level management system.

Advanced Fault & Configuration Management

• SNMP based Real-time management with layered graphical display through Web Browsers
• Plug & Play with Network Auto Discovery
• Filtering functions available for current Alarms, Alarm History, Events, NE List

Enhanced Performance Management

• Conforms to ITU-T G.826.
• Scheduled or on-demand PM data upload.
• Thresholds settings for alerts
• PM Reports and Charts available.
Admin & Security Management
• Flexible Group Profile
• User Account Blocking / Un-blocking

NEC Confidential
Page 257 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
.
 Architecture for Comprehensive Network
Management
• Central - Regional Configuration (Max 50
Regions)

• Server – Client concept for Remote Access Remote

(Max15 clients) Client
WAN/LAN

• Server Mode Remote Terminal for network

configuration purpose. Network Operation Center

Central
PNMSj
NE NE NE NE

Region 1 Region 4

Maximum Number of Cluster

per server is 500 Regional Regional
PNMSj Maximum Number of PNMSj

Regions per server is 50

NE NE NE NE

Customer IP Network

Region 2 Region 5

Regional Regional
PNMSj PNMSj

NE NE NE NE

Maximum Number of NE per

Region 3 Region 6
cluster is 500

Regional Regional
PNMSj PNMSj

NEC Confidential
Page 258 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
 Architecture for Comprehensive Network
Management
Northbound Interface to Higher Level Management System

NEC Confidential
Page 259 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
 Architecture for Comprehensive Network
Management
Parallel PNMSj Operation For Redundancy

PNMSj-1

Alarm or Event Traps Managed NE (s)

Customer IP Network

• Monitor and control the radio networks simultaneously and

independently.
PNMSj- 2 • Alarm or Event traps are send to the both PNMSj separately.

• When NMS is down the other continue working.

NEC Confidential
Page 260 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
 Network Communication Protocol (iPASOLINK)

 


GNE / Root-NE) NE
Remote Client Gateway Network Element
PNMSj

Layer (1) Remote Client --- PNMSj (2) PNMSj --- GNE/NE (3) NE--- NE

Application HTTP, HTTP-Proxy, RMI SNMPv1/v2c, HTTP, FTP, NTP NTP, LLDP

Transport TCP TCP/UDP UDP

Network IP IP IP

Data Link Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet

Physical RJ45 RJ45 RJ45

NEC Confidential
Page 261 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
 NMS Interfaces and Bandwidth Requirements
_
_
Min bandwidth: 384kbps for a server managing upto 500 NEs
_ PNMSj

_
_
_
_
_ FRONT PANEL SV INTERFACE TO RADIO
384kbps (Radio)
BRIDGE/ROUTER

NMS 1 2 4 3
NE1
LCT LAN ASYNC
LCT CONT

NE2 CPU
iPASOLINK CTRL

NEC Confidential
Page 262 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
 LCT Operation

Web Browser
• IE 8
• Firefox 3.6.x

Default LCT user authentication:

Interface IP address: http://172.17.254.253/weblct
• LCT port User Name: Admin
Password: 12345678
• RJ45 LAN cable

NEC Confidential
Page 263 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
 LCT
Operation

NEC Confidential
Page 264 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
NE Configuration for NMS - RootNE

Minimum setup, will be changed based on

your company network arrangement

NEC Confidential
Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
NE Configuration for NMS - Normal NE

Minimum setup, will be changed based on

your company network arrangement

NEC Confidential
Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
NE Configuration – Group Profile

Adding group from here

NEC Confidential
Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
NE Configuration – User Account setting

Adding users from here

NEC Confidential
Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
NE Configuration – Adding User Account

Configure users account

NEC Confidential
Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
NE Configuration – Community Names

Configure Community
Names

NEC Confidential
Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
 PNMSj Installation and Setup
1: Set up LAN 2. Remove or stop SNMP service . Restart the computer

NEC Confidential
Page 271 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
 PNMSj Installation
3. Install PNMSj and enter License file 4. Setup Firewall to allow PNMSj Javaw communicate through.

Enter License file, or else 30-day trial allowed

Confirm that Java(TM) Platform SE binary has been added.

NEC Confidential
Page 272 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
 Launch PNMSj - Login and Logout
• Default User: admin (no password required)
• Max 3 consecutive incorrect login attempts allowed
for any user.
• The incorrect user name and it’s account will be
locked after that.
• Only the administrator can reactivated the account.

• PNMSj server has been designed to work continuously. Shut down it only when it’s
necessary.

• Shut down properly using Exit.

• Exit is enabled only for PNMSj users with a valid privilege.

• DO NOT pull the connection cable before Exit. Or else it will cause problem in
connecting to NEs next time when you run PNMSj.

• Login first before you can Exit.

NEC Confidential
Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
 PNMSj Main User Interface

Total Alarms: Total count of

current active alarms.

Toggle Operation / Editing mode

Network Elements

Group View
Map View

Connection View

Login User Name

Alarm List
• Real time display.
• Filters can be applied.
Selected filter name
.

NEC Confidential
Page 274 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
 Fault Management - Alarm Information View

• Lists all NEs belong to the network;

• Shows the alarms of the individual NE;

• Indicates the total number of alarms / not Ack

alarms.

Alarm Information

NEC Confidential
Page 275 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
 PNMSj Operation – iPasolink Terminal Display

Click icon to display details

NEC Confidential
Page 276 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
 Network Design Mode

Design Mode button

• Enable / disable design mode

• Add lines

• Change radio names

• Enable group properties – adding

Drag the Radio map, text etc
icons around

NEC Confidential
Page 277 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
 Security Management – Adding Groups and Users

100 Groups and

100 Users / Group

User Add Menu

PNMSj Privileges selection menu for the group

NEC Confidential
Page 278 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
 Security Management – Configure Group Privileges

• Enter Group Name

• Selection of NEs for each group

• Selection PNMSj Functions for each group

• Selection PNMTj Security Level for each group

NE 4 NE 5 NE 9
NE 6
NE 2 NE n
NE 8
NE 1 NE 3 NE 7

Group - 1 Group - 2 Group - 100

User -1 User -3 User -6

User -2 User -4 User -100

Total Number of Users 100

NEC Confidential
Page 279 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
 Security Management Functions

• Import / Export Security File

o Export - Save user / group information
registered into a file.

o Import – Restore the security info from a file

• Account Block and Unblock Function

o Three attempts of unauthorized access will block
the user account automatically,

o only the Administrator can Unblock the blocked

accounts.

NEC Confidential
Page 280 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
 Admin Management - PNMSj Properties

NEC Confidential
Page 281 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
 Admin Management – Color and Severity Setting

• Severity can be assigned to each alarm by selecting PNMSj properties  Severity.

• Color can be assigned to each severity.

• Example: assign TX POWER as Major severity. Select

Yellow color for this item.
• Severity setting applies to PNMSj only, not reflected on
LCT.
NEC Confidential
Page 282 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
 Admin Management – Backup / Restore

• Enable/disable backup • Backup frequency

• Backup start time • Auto-execute program
• Save location

Event Log
Performance Config Data
PMON Monitor Data Inventory Data

Event Log

Config

Inventory
Softkey

NEC Confidential
Page 283 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
 Admin Management – iPasolink Connection

Must be the same as the

settings in all NEs

NEC Confidential
Page 284 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
 Admin Management - Upper NMS support

• 15 Web-based clients are supported

Upper • Allow filtering for Upper NMS
NMS
admin

Managed Digital Radio

Network

Filtered Traps

Upper SNMP Registration allows the sending of filtered

traps to Upper (Central) NMS for monitoring purpose

NEC Confidential
Page 285 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
 Filtering Function
Active Alarm filter setting menu

Three different types of filters can be used for the

purpose of filtering the event data received from
the network.
• Active Alarm
• Event Log
• Network Element (NE) List

All Logs

Active Alarm

Event Log

NE List
PASOLINK NETWORK

Filtering Criteria
Network Element Network Element Inventory Items
Filters Ack/NAck Date & Time Severity Type User Item Status Comment Location
Selection Name Detailed
Active
Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No
Alarm
Event
Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No
Log
Network Element
Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes
List

NEC Confidential
Page 286 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
 Filtering Example
Before Filtering
Severity Major and Network Element
Name are used as filtering criteria

Filtered Display

NEC Confidential
Page 287 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
 Network / NE Discovery
• Build network based on NetConfigTool file
• Connect to different type of Paso to existing network
• Remove Network from PNMSj.

• Adding subnet to the map, enter RootNE’s IP address.

The rest NEs will be auto-discovered.

• New NEs added to the existing network,

• Removing NEs from existing network.

Newly connected NE
Root NE

Managed Digital Radio

Network

Remove Disconnected NE from the MAP.

NEC Confidential
Page 288 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
 Network Management Tools

• Inventory List
• Downloading Program Files (upgrade firmware)
• View Event History

NEC Confidential
Page 289 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd
 Network Management Tool

• Update Software Key

• Time Zone Settings

NEC Confidential
Page 290 Copyright© 2009 NEC Australia Pty Ltd