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Introduction To Embedded System Final2

An embedded system is a microprocessor or microcontroller-based system designed for dedicated functions within larger systems, with its origins traced back to the Apollo Guidance Computer in the 1960s. It consists of components like sensors, ADCs, processors, and DACs, and operates through firmware stored in memory. While they offer advantages such as compact size and reliability, embedded systems also face challenges like maintenance difficulties and limitations in modification.

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3 views14 pages

Introduction To Embedded System Final2

An embedded system is a microprocessor or microcontroller-based system designed for dedicated functions within larger systems, with its origins traced back to the Apollo Guidance Computer in the 1960s. It consists of components like sensors, ADCs, processors, and DACs, and operates through firmware stored in memory. While they offer advantages such as compact size and reliability, embedded systems also face challenges like maintenance difficulties and limitations in modification.

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anjiananya1
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Introduction to Embedded

System
Introduction:
An embedded system is a microprocessor- or microcontroller-based
system of hardware and software designed to perform dedicated
functions within a larger mechanical or electrical system.
An embedded system is a microprocessor-based computer hardware
system with software that is designed to perform a dedicated function,
either as an independent system or as a part of a large system.
At the core is an integrated circuit designed to carry out computation
for real-time operations.
History of Embedded System:
The first modern, real-time embedded computing system was the
Apollo Guidance Computer, developed in the 1960s by Dr. Charles
Stark Draper at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for the
Apollo Program.
The Apollo Guidance Computer was designed to collect data
automatically and provide mission-critical calculations for the Apollo
Command Module and Lunar Module.
Basic Structure of Embedded System:
Sensor: Sensor Measures the physical quantity and converts it into
electrical signals. Stores the measured quantity in the memory. The
signal is read by any electronic instrument like ADC.
ADC: ADC Analog-to-Digital Converter converts the analog signal
sent from the sensor into a digital signal.
Processor: Processor and ASIC Processors process the data to
measure the output and store it in the memory.
DAC: Digital-to-Analog Converter converts the digital data fed by the
processor into analog data. And also Actuators
How an Embedded System Works?:
Embedded systems are managed by microcontrollers or digital signal
processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field-
programmable gate arrays (FPGA), GPU technology, and gate arrays.
These processing systems are integrated with components dedicated to
handling electric and/or mechanical interfacing.
Embedded systems programming instructions, referred to as firmware,
are stored in read-only memory or flash memory chips, running with
limited computer hardware resources. Embedded systems connect with
the outside world through peripherals, linking input and output devices.
Microprocessor:
Microprocessors contain only
a processing unit, whereas
microcontrollers contain a
processing unit, memory, I/O,
and other peripherals
integrated into one chip.
Microprocessors perform
arithmetic and logic
operations, whereas
microcontrollers are designed
to control different functions.
Microcontroller:
A microcontroller (MCU) is a
small computer on a single
integrated circuit that is designed
to control specific tasks within
electronic systems.
 It combines the functions of a
central processing unit (CPU),
memory, and input/output
interfaces, all on a single chip.
Characteristics of Embedded System:
Advantages of Embedded Systems:
They are very compact in size, with high speed.
Embedded Systems are very reliable. They consume less power and
electricity, and they also perform tasks and operations assigned to
them with great accuracy.
They are built to perform special tasks and operations given to them.
They are comparatively cheaper.
Disadvantages of Embedded Systems:
Requires a lot of time and energy to maintain these systems.
Embedded system errors are very difficult to rectify and resolve.
They are very hard to back up.
Huge modifications cannot be implemented on these systems.

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