English literature paper 1 Second B (

20 %) :
Jekyll and Hyde Final revision ALL TEN J&H Key
Quotes
Revision
Learn all 10 quotes off-by-heart
Know what to write for AO2 (practise writing your own
annotations, based on those provided)

Revise the key characters / themes by watching the GCSE

PODs listed and making 5-10 bullet pointed notes on each
POD (use the QR code or just look for the pod on GCSE POD
GCSE Literature Paper 1 revision - ‘Literature - Prose - The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll & Mr
Hyde’)
Macbeth by William Shakespeare
Key Quotations
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Class:
Where is the quote from? Who is it about? 1st language feature / annotation

“Sawbones turned sick & white with the desire to kill him”

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Part 1 of the plot

 The verb “turned” foregrounds Hyde’s
ability to corrupt a person’s nature,
Enfield describes the doctor’s changing them from good to evil,
reaction to Hyde after he benevolent to malevolent. Like milk that
trampled the girl (Ch.1) “turns”, the doctor is presented as being
soured, or turned bad, by Hyde.

1. “Sawbones turned sick & white with the desire to

kill him”

The phrase “the desire to kill him” is

particularly evocative as it suggests the doctor The adjectives “sick and white” emphasise the
is gripped by a strong emotional longing, which way Hyde is like a disease, infecting the human
is usually associated with pleasure. His soul and draining it of all its goodness. The
hippocratic oath is forgotten as Hyde’s very colour “white” implies the blood has drained
presence leads him to blood-lust. away from the doctor, in a vampirish way, linking
to gothic motifs of corruption and infection.
Where is the quote from? Who is it about? 1st language feature / annotation

2. Utterson reads “Satan’s signature” upon Hyde’s face

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Part 2 of the plot

 This is an allusion to the story of Dr Faustus who
signed a contract with the Devil. It is used by
Utterson describes his first
Stevenson to draw parallels between Faustus & Jekyll.
impression of Hyde (Ch.2)
For example, Faustus exchanged his priceless immortal
soul for the power of magic, just as Jekyll has forfeited his
priceless reputation for the freedoms & pleasures that
“transcendental medicine” brings him.

2. Utterson reads “Satan’s signature” upon Hyde’s face

The reference to Satan’s signature echoes earlier

Like Faustus, Jekyll can be seen playing
references to Hyde like “Satan” and foreshadows
with magical powers for selfish reasons;
later references to Jekyll’s “devil”. This motif is
like Faustus, he squanders his knowledge
used by Stevenson to suggest that Hyde - the
on unimportant and trivial things (such as
atavistic, impulsive side of Jekyll - is essentially a
sadistic violence & personal pleasure, in
manifestation of pure evil..
Jekyll’s case).
Where is the quote from? Who is it about? 1st language feature / annotation

He “grew pale to the very lips, and there came a blackness about his eyes”

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Chapters 1-5
 The author creates a motif through the earlier
description of Sawbones “sick and white” and this
The author describes Jekyll’s description of Jekyll growing “pale”. The vampiric
reaction to Utterson associations of life-blood being sucked out of otherwise
questioning him over Hyde & good men by the evil of Hyde serves to emphasise the
the will (Ch.3) corrupting power of evil.

3. He “grew pale to the very lips, and there came a blackness about his eyes”

The contrast between Jekyll’s sickly “pale” skin and the ominous “blackness” is used by the author
to emphasise the dual nature of Evil: it drains away a man’s better nature whilst infecting him with
hellish desires for violence and fury.

The colour “black” is associated with hell and the souls as windows to the soul suggests Jekyll’s
inner devil is provoked by Utterson’s insistent curiosity to discover the truth.
Where is the quote from? Who is it about? 1st language feature / annotation

4. “With ape-like fury he was trampling his victim underfoot”

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Chapters 6-10
 Stevenson uses the simile “ape-like” to foreground the
animalistic and atavistic nature of Hyde. It echoes
The author describes the attack
Utterson’s earlier description of him as “troglodytic” and
by Hyde on Sir Danvers Carew
serves to convey the way Hyde is a manifestation of Jekyll’s
(Ch.4)
less civilised nature; his primitive human nature which is
motivated by urges, instincts and uncontrollable impulses.

4. “With ape-like fury he was trampling his victim underfoot”

The choice of the verb “trampling” serves to create a link between the two
victims in the novella: in chapter 1 the girl was “trampled” underfoot which
foreshadowed the violence of Hyde. Also the word serves to link the victims who
both embody qualities which run counter to Hyde’s own nature: both were innocent
& vulnerable and gentle.
Where is the quote from? Who is it about?

5. “He locked the note into his safe where it reposed from that time forward” (Forged letter, end of
Ch.5)

&

“The packet slept in the inmost corner of his private safe” (Lanyon’s letter, end of Ch.6)

GCSE POD on
Utterson

GCSE POD on
Appearances v
Reality
The author describes how The verbs “reposed” which means ‘rested’ and
Utterson locks away in his safe “slept” are both used to imply that the secrets Utterson
the letter Jekyll forged for Hyde, and the other characters try to bury will, like a sleeping
AND the letter from Lanyon that person, one day have the power to wake up. This
would have revealed the truth contributes to both the mystery and the suspense of the
about his early death/falling out novella’s gothic story as we the readers anticipate the
with Jekyll (Chapters 5 & 6) unravelling of the mystery later in the narrative.

5. “He locked the note into his safe where it reposed from that time forward” (Forged letter, end of
Ch.5)

&

“The packet slept in the inmost corner of his private safe” (Lanyon’s letter, end of Ch.6)

The motif of Utterson’s safe is used by Stevenson to foreground the theme of secrecy
and deception. Despite the fact Utterson is a lawyer, he is willing to conceal vital evidence in
the hunt for a murderer, in order to protect his friend’s reputation. This highlights the hypocrisy
that was rampant in Victorian society, where men felt the need to maintain a spotless public
facade at all times. A safe is associated with people’s most valuable possessions, and by
repeatedly referring to his safe, Stevenson emphasises the value of a gentleman’s reputation.
Where is the quote from? Who is it about? 1st language feature / annotation

“If I am the chief of sinners, I am the chief of sufferers also”

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Jekyll
 Here, Stevenson makes use of the epistolary form
of his novella to build mystery. For example, Jekyll’s
letter to Utterson is used to obfuscate not illuminate
Dr Jekyll writes to Utterson
the truth. His words are vague and elusive, as he fails
explaining that he cannot see
to say exactly what his sin is, or exactly how he is
him or come out of his home
suffering. Stevenson uses this letter (as well as the
any more (Ch.6)
forged letter and Lanyon’s letter) to further contribute
to the sense of mystery and secrets.

6. “If I am the chief of sinners, I am the chief of sufferers also”

The repetition of the word “chief” is used by The reference to “sinners” would be understood by a
Stevenson to create the impression that Jekyll is Christian readership as a reference to Man’s weakness in the
an imperious character who uses superlatives to face of temptation. In this way, Stevenson may be implying that
show his superiority. Even when discussing sinning, Jekyll is just an extreme example of all of us - a human battling
Jekyll lays claim to being the most sinful. This
with his inner demons, struggling to stay on the path of
conveys an arrogant, egotistical nature which is later
righteousness. Alternatively, it could be Jekyll’s own attempt to let
developed when he taunts Lanyon that he is the
“superior” scientist. His self pity in suffering the most himself off the hook by implying he is no weaker than the rest of
is also later developed in the final chapter when he mankind.
expresses more self pity than repentance.
Where is the quote from? Who is it about? 1st language feature / annotation

Quote

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Science & the

Supernatural
 The author uses pathetic fallacy to reflect the
The author describes the light in Jekyll’s
character of Jekyll at this stage in the plot. Like
courtyard when he speaks to Utterson like a
the darkening sky, Jekyll is turning towards darkness
“prisoner” from his window & then (as we later
too soon The early dusk is a metaphor for Jekyll’s
learn) transforms spontaneously into Hyde
spontaneous transformations into Hyde.
(Ch.7)

7. “The court was full of premature twilight”

The setting of the courtyard is significant. It is a space

hemmed in on all sides with only the sky open above. This The author uses the twilight symbolically: twilight is a
space creates a claustrophobic atmosphere and the liminal time, an ‘in-between’ state which is neither fully one
sunset above (which remains glowing but out of reach) thing nor the other (it’s the cusp between day & night).
could be seen as a reference to God or heaven which This symbolises the character of Jekyll/Hyde who has
Jekyll has turned his back on, hemming himself in with reached an interstate, being neither fully civilised Jekyll
science and pleasure, thereby bringing darkness into his nor wholly atavistic Hyde by this stage in the plot.
soul.
Where is the quote from? Who is it about? 1st language feature / annotation

A dismal screech, as of mere animal terror, rang from the cabinet”

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Hyde
 The image of a trapped animal is used by Stevenson
to chart the change in Hyde’s role in Jekyll’s life. At first
The author describes Hyde’s he liberated Jekyll, allowing him unknown freedoms, but
suicidal cry from within Jekyll’s by this stage in the plot, Hyde has trapped Jekyll within
laboratory when Utterson his home, too fearful to leave in case he is hunted down
breaks down the door (Ch.8) by the police as the murderer of Carew. Hyde will be
killed like vermin if caught.

8. “A dismal screech, as of mere animal terror, rang from the cabinet”

The adjectives “dismal” (awful/depressing) and “mere” (only/just) are used by Stevenson to
emphasise the depth of Jekyll’s fall. He has become nothing more than a screeching animal in fear of its
life, with little to guide him except the basic instincts of survival known to animals. Without morality or
religion, Hyde is almost nothing, a “mere” animal on the point of death.
Where is the quote from? Who is it about? 1st language feature / annotation

9. “O God!” I screamed, and “O God!” again and again; for there before my eyes -
pale and shaken, and half fainting…like a man restored from death - there stood
Henry Jekyll!”

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Lanyon
Dr Lanyon describes the terrible moment In this chapter, the author uses the epistolary
he witnessed Hyde transform into Jekyll form of novel to provide other perspectives on
(Ch.9) the events rather than Utterson’s limited, mystery-
shrouded viewpoint. In Chapter 9 we are provided
with Lanyon’s perspective and he describes
witnessing Hyde transforming into jekyll, and the
effect it had on him.

9. “O God!” I screamed, and “O God!” again and again; for there before my eyes - pale and
shaken, and half fainting…like a man restored from death - there stood Henry Jekyll!”

The image of the “pale” Jekyll “like a man restored from The repetition of “O God” and the
death” would remind a Christian read of the tale of Lazarus - detail “again and again” is used
one of Jesus’ miracles in the bible, in which he restored a by the author to convey the deep
beloved brother from death to life at the request of Lazarus’ moral and spiritual shock to a
sisters. However, Jekyll has performed an evil miracle - an act Christian man like Lanyon. His belief
of magic - in which he has brought to life a devil for purely evil in the goodness of Man and
reasons. This inverted miracle suggests Science has no benevolent (good) use of Science is
bounds, physically or morally, and is perhaps becoming a new torn apart by the revelation that Hyde
religion for the Victorians, but a less benevolent one…. is Jekyll’s scientifically created, evil
alter ego.
Where is the quote from? Who is it about? 1st language feature / annotation

“This was the shocking thing; that the slime of the pit seemed to utter
cries and voices; that the amorphous dust gesticulated and sinned”

GCSE POD on: 2nd language feature / annotation

(optional) 3rd language feature / annotation Duality

GCSE POD
on:
Good V Evil
Jekyll explains his horror at The statement “This was the shocking thing”
realising Hyde - the primitive, in Jekyll’s final confessional chapter,
ancient part of his human immediately focuses our attention on the wider
nature - could overpower his human story of Jekyll & Hyde: the idea that Man
civilised self. (Ch.10) (all of mankind, not just Jekyll) is “not truly one,
but truly two”

“This was the shocking thing; that the slime of the pit seemed to utter cries and
voices; that the amorphous dust gesticulated and sinned”

The references to the “slime of the pit” and the

“amorphous dust” in the final chapter is an allusion to the The author switches from the first person to the
idea of evolution and Man’s primitive, primordial third person towards the end of Chapter 10,
beginnings. The central evolutionary idea of an animal perhaps to suggest that Jekyll is finally viewing his
ancestry is here highlighted by the author. The fear that such a story more objectively; alternatively it may be to
bestial past could rise up at any moment through the civilised show the irreparable fracture in Jekyll’s selfhood as
part of Man, causing him to sin, is described as “shocking”. he can no longer speak as a definite “I”