Welcome

INTERNET PROTOCOL
ADDRESS

Sheikh Akram

Presentation Date
23-07-2019
Today’s Overview

1 • IP & MAC Addressing

2 • Binary Numbering System

3 • Q&A
 MAC Address
Physical or Hardware Address
A Unique identifier
A way to identify machines on a network
A MAC address is the unique identifier that is assigned by the
manufacturer to a piece of network hardware (like a wireless card or an
Ethernet card) each identifier is intended to be unique to a particular
device.
A MAC (Media Access Control) address, sometimes referred to as a
hardware or physical address, is a unique, 12-character alphanumeric
attribute that is used to identify individual electronic devices on a
network. An example of a MAC address is: 00-B0-D0-63-C2-26.
 IP Address
A Unique identifier
A way to identify machines on a network
 IP Address
Used to connect another computer
Allows transfer of file and send e-mail
 IP Address

Lets Jump to Numbering system

IP Structure
Consist of 32 bits
For example,
11001000 00001010 00010100 00011110
IP address consists of four sections
Each section is 8 bits long
Each section can range from 0 to 255
IP Structure
Convert to Decimal equivalent
For example,
200.10.20.30
Dotted Decimal Notation
Four section are known as Octets
Vendor neutral term for Byte
 Decimal to Binary Conversion

11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000
IP Structure
200.10.20.30
These four sections represent the machine itself and the network it is on
200.20.10.30 200.20.10.29 200.20.10.28

200.20.10.27 200.20.10.26 200.20.10.25 200.20.10.24

Types of IP Address
Assignment
Classes
Public & Private
Version
 Types of IP Address
Assignment
Static Dynamic

Static IP Address : Are manually assigned to a computer by an administrator

Dynamic IP Address : Assigned either by the computer interface or host software itself

Lets try… on computer

ncpa.cpl !!!
 What is IANA & ICANN ?
IANA: Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
IANA oversees global IP address allocation
Autonomous system numbers allocation
Root zone management in the domain name system (DNS)
Other Internet protocol related symbols and numbers

IANA is a department operated by ICANN

 What is IANA & ICANN ?
ICANN: The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers

Nonprofit private organization

Headquarter in California, United states

Created on September 18, 1998 and incorporated on Sep

30,1998

To oversee a number of Internet-related task on behalf of th

U.S government.
 Types of IP Address
Classes
Classful Classless

Classful IP Address

Classful IP Address : 5 classes of IP Address A B C D and E

Class A : Reserved for Governments

Class B : Reserved for Medium Companies

Class C : Reserved for Small Companies

Types Classful IP Address

Class D : are Reserved for Multicasting

Class E : Reserved for Experimental or Future Use

Network Host

Class A 1.0.0.0 Class A begins 1 to 126

Class B 128.5.0.0 Class B begins 128 to 191
Class C 192.0.0.0 Class C begins 192 to 223
 Classful IP Address

How large is the network part in a IP address ?

Today we use network masks to tell

Network Originally, IP address had classes with fixed

numbers of bits in the network part
Host
Class A 1.0.0.0 - Class A : 8 bits (24 bits in host part
Class B 128.5.0.0
- Class B : 16 bits (16 bits in host part)
Class C 192.0.0.0 - Class C : 24 bits ( 8 bits in host part)
QUESTIONS?
 Class A IP Address 10.30.10.20 (1 to 126)

IP address begins with 0

7 remaining bits in network

- only 128 possible Class A network

24 bits in local or host part

- Over 16 million hosts per Class A network
8 bits 24 bits
Network ID Host ID Host ID Host ID
0 78 31
 Class A IP Address 10.30.10.20 (1 to 126)
IP address begins with 0
8 bits 24 bits
Network ID Host ID Host ID Host ID

0 78 31

0nnnnnnn.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh
00000000.00000000.00000000.00000000
to
01111111.11111111.11111111.11111111
0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255
Exception in class A IP address:
0.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 default ,my site IP
127.0.0.0 127.255.255.255 loopback test IP
 Class A IP Address 10.30.10.20 (1 to 126)
IP address begins with 0
8 bits 24 bits
Network ID Host ID Host ID Host ID

0 78 31

Class Leading Size of Size of Number of Address per network

Bits network rest bit networks
number bit field
field

Class A 0 8 24 16,777,216

0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255
1.0.0.0 to 126.255.255.255
 Class B IP Address 10.30.10.20 (128 to 191)

16 bits for network address & 16 bits for host address

A balance between number of network & host per network

* IP Address begins with 10 (1st zero in 2nd position)
* 14 remaining bits in network part
- Over 16,000 possible Class B Network
* 16 bits in local part
- Over 65,000 possible host

16 bits 16 bits

Network ID Network ID Host ID Host ID

0 15 16 31
 Class B IP Address 10.30.10.20 (128 to 191)
IP address begins with 10
16 bits 16 bits

Network ID Network ID Host ID Host ID

0 15 16 31

10nnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.hhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh
10000000.00000000.00000000.00000000
to
10111111.11111111.11111111.11111111
128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255
Exception in class B IP address:
169.254.X.X AFIPA
 Class B IP Address 10.30.10.20 (128 to 191)
IP address begins with 10
16 bits 16 bits

Network ID Network ID Host ID Host ID

0 15 16 31

Class Leading Size of Size of Number of Address per network

Bits network rest bit networks
number bit field
field

Class B 10 16 16 16,384 65,536

128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255
 Class C IP Address 10.30.10.20 (192 to 223)

24 bits for network address & 8 bits for host address

Commonly used and Popular

* IP Address begins with 110 (1st zero in 3rd position)
* 24 bits in network part
- Over 2 Million possible Class C Network
* 8 bits in local part
- 256 possible host address

24 bits 8 bits

Network ID Network ID Host IDID

Network Host ID

0 23 24 31
 Class C IP Address 10.30.10.20 (192 to 223)
IP address begins with 110
24 bits 8 bits

Network ID Network ID Host IDID

Network Host ID

0 23 24 31

110nnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.hhhhhhhh
11000000.00000000.00000000.00000000
to
11011111.11111111.11111111.11111111
192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255
 Class C IP Address 10.30.10.20 (192 to 223)
IP address begins with 110

Network ID Network ID Host IDID

Network Host ID

0 23 24 31

Class Leading Size of Size of Number of Address per network

Bits network rest bit networks
number bit field
field

Class C 110 24 8 256

192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255
Types of IP Address
Classes
Classless

Classless IP Address

The Internet Engineering Task Force [IETF] Introduce CIDR

Method in 1993
Allocate the bock of IP address to prevent use of hugs
numbers of IP address
CIDR [ Classless Inter Domain Routing ] Method

Most ISP providing IP address to office and home users

 Types of IP Address
PRIVATE & PUBLIC IP

Private IP Public IP
Range of Private IP
[FREE] but Not Routable
 Range of Private IP & Public IP
Class A begins 1 to 126
Class B begins 128 to 191
Class C begins 192 to 223

Range of Private IP
10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
 Types of IP Address
PRIVATE & PUBLIC IP
Private IP Public IP

Private IP