Kuliah 4

Visualizing And Exploring Data

Kode MK: SBI1233
SKS: 2 (2-0)
 Data Visualization

• Data visualization - the process of displaying data

(often in large quantities) in a meaningful fashion to
provide insights that will support better decisions.

– Data visualization improves decision-making,

provides managers with better analysis capabilities
that reduce reliance on IT professionals, and
improves collaboration and information sharing.
 Data Visualization

Example 1: Tabular vs. Visual Data Analysis

• Tabular data can be used to determine exactly how many units of
a certain product were sold in a particular month, or to compare
one month to another.
– For example, we see that sales of product A dropped in February,
specifically by 6.7% (computed as 1 – B3/B2). Beyond such calculations,
however, it is difficult to draw big picture conclusions
 Data Visualization

Example 1: Tabular vs. Visual Data Analysis

• A visual chart provides the
means to
– easily compare overall sales of
different products (Product C
sells the least, for example);
– identify trends (sales of Product
D are increasing), other
patterns (sales of Product C is
relatively stable while sales of
Product B fluctuates more over
time), and exceptions (Product
E’s sales fell considerably in
September).
 Dashboard

• A dashboard is a visual representation of a set of key

business measures. It is derived from the analogy of an
automobile’s control panel, which displays speed, gasoline
level, temperature, and so on.
– Dashboards provide important summaries of key business information
to help manage a business process or function.
 Data Visualization

Creating Charts in Microsoft Excel

 Select the Insert tab.
 Highlight the data.
 Click on chart type, then subtype.

 Use Chart Tools to customize.

 Column and Bar Charts

• Excel distinguishes between vertical and horizontal bar charts,

calling the former column charts and the latter bar charts.
– A clustered column chart compares values across categories using
vertical rectangles;
– a stacked column chart displays the contribution of each value to the
total by stacking the rectangles;
– a 100% stacked column chart compares the percentage that each
value contributes to a total.
• Column and bar charts are useful for comparing categorical or
ordinal data, for illustrating differences between sets of
values, and for showing proportions or percentages of a
whole.
 Column and Bar Charts

Example 2: Creating a Column Chart

Highlight the range C3:K6, which includes the headings and data
for each category. Click on the Column Chart button and then on
the first chart type in the list (a clustered column chart).
Highlighted Cells
 Column and Bar Charts

Example 2: Creating a Column Chart

To add a title, click on the first icon in the Chart Layouts group. Click on “Chart
Title” in the chart and change it to “EEO Employment Report—Alabama.” The
names of the data series can be changed by clicking on the Select Data button in
the Data group of the Design tab. In the Select Data Source dialog (see below),
click on “Series1” and then the Edit button. Enter the name of the data series, in
this case “All Employees.” Change the names of the other data series to “Men”
and “Women” in a similar fashion.
 Line Charts

Line Charts
• Line charts provide a useful means for displaying data over
time.
– You may plot multiple data series in line charts; however, they can be
difficult to interpret if the magnitude of the data values differs greatly. In
that case, it would be advisable to create separate charts for each data
series.

Example 3: A Line Chart

for China Export Data
 Pie Charts

Pie Charts
• A pie chart displays this by partitioning a circle into pie
shaped areas showing the relative proportion.

Example 4: A Pie Chart

for Census Data
 Pie Charts

Pie Charts
• Data visualization professionals don't recommend using pie charts. In a pie
chart, it is difficult to compare the relative sizes of areas; however, the bars in
the column chart can easily be compared to determine relative ratios of the
data.
– If you do use pie charts, restrict them to small numbers of categories, always
ensure that the numbers add to 100%, and use labels to display the group names
and actual percentages. Avoid three-dimensional (3-D) pie charts—especially
those that are rotated—and keep them simple.
 Area Charts
Area Charts
• An area chart combines the features of a pie chart with
those of line charts.
– Area charts present more information than pie or line charts alone but
may clutter the observer’s mind with too many details if too many
data series are used; thus, they should be used with care.

Example 5: An Area
Chart for Energy
Consumption
 Scatter Charts

Scatter Charts
• Scatter charts show the relationship between two variables. To
construct a scatter chart, we need observations that consist of
pairs of variables.

Example 6: A Scatter
Chart for Real Estate
Data
 Bubble Charts

Bubble Charts
• A bubble chart is a type of scatter chart in which the size of the
data marker corresponds to the value of a third variable;
consequently, it is a way to plot three variables in two
dimensions.

Example 7: A Bubble
Chart for Stock
Comparisons
 Data Visualization

Miscellaneous Excel Charts

• Stock chart
• Surface chart
• Doughnut chart
• Radar chart
 Data Visualization

Other Excel Data Visualization Tools

• Data bars
• Color scales
• Icon sets
• Sparklines
• Camera tool
 Conditional Formatting

How to use Conditional Formatting:

• https://www.smartsheet.com/how-to-apply-conditional-formatting-excel?
amp#:~:text=Conditional%20formatting%20is%20a
%20feature,information%20stored%20in%20a%20spreadsheet.
 Conditional Formatting

Example 8: Data Visualization through Conditional

Formatting
• Data bars display colored bars that are scaled to the magnitude of the
data values (similar to a bar chart) but placed directly within the cells of a
range.
– Highlight the data in each column, click the Conditional Formatting button in
the Styles group within the Home tab, select Data Bars, and choose the fill
option and color.
 Conditional Formatting

Example 8: Data Visualization through Conditional

Formatting
• Color scales shade cells based on their numerical value using
a color palette.
– Color-coding of quantitative data is commonly called a heatmap.
 Conditional Formatting

Example 8: Data Visualization through Conditional

Formatting
• Icon sets provide similar information using various symbols
such as arrows or stoplight colors.
 Sparklines

Sparklines
• Sparklines are graphics that summarize a row or column
of data in a single cell.
• Excel has three types of sparklines: line, column, and
win/loss.
– Line sparklines are clearly useful for time-series data
– Column sparklines are more appropriate for categorical
data.
– Win-loss sparklines are useful for data that move up or
down over time.
 Sparklines

How to use sparklines:

1. Place the cursor in cell
H3 as a place for
sparklines
2. Go to the Insert tab
select Lines
3. Selection of Data Range
B3:G3
4. Location Range H3
5. Click OK
 Sparklines

Example 9: Examples of Sparklines

• Generally you need to expand the row or column widths to display them
effectively. Notice, however, that the lengths of the bars are not scaled
properly to the data; for example, in the first one, products D and E are
roughly one-third the value of Product E yet the bars are not scaled correctly.
So be careful when using them.
 Tugas Kelompok

Deskripsi Tugas:
1. Tugas dikerjakan secara berkelompok, setiap kelompok
beranggotakan 4-5 orang.
2. Due date tugas: Minggu/18 Februari 2024 Pukul 15.00
di Course IPB
3. Tugas dibuat dalam format .ppt
4. Outline:
1. Lakukan visualisasi dan eksplorasi data pada sheet “Total
Produk”
2. Tampilkan jenis-jenis visualisasi dan eksplorasi data secara
lengkap dan interpretasikan hasilnya.
3. Be Creative
Thank You
Data Queries
 Data Queries

Data Queries: Tables, Sorting, and Filtering

• Managers often need to sort and filter data.
– Filtering means extracting a set of records having
certain characteristics.
• Excel provides a convenient way of formatting databases
to facilitate analysis using sorting and filtering, called
Tables.
 Data Queries

Example 10: Creating an Excel Table

• First, select the range of the data, including headers (a useful shortcut is to select
the first cell in the upper left corner, then click Ctrl+Shift+down arrow, and then
Ctrl+Shift+right arrow).
• Next, click Table from the Tables group on the Insert tab and make sure that the
box for My Table Has Headers is checked. (You may also just select a cell within the
table and then click on Table from the Insert menu.)
• The table range will now be formatted and will continue automatically when new
data are entered.
• If you click within a table, the Table Tools Design tab will appear in the ribbon,
allowing you to do a variety of things, such as change the color scheme, remove
duplicates, change the formatting, and so on.
 Data Queries

Example 11: Table-Based Calculations

• Suppose that in the Credit Risk Data table, we wish to calculate the total
amount of savings in column C. We could, of course, simply use the
function =SUM(C4:C428). However, with a table, we could use the formula
=SUM(Table1[Savings]). The table name,Table1, can be found (and
changed) in the Properties group of the Table Tools Design tab. Note that
Savings is the name of the header in column C. One of the advantages of
doing this is that if we add new records to the table, the calculation will be
updated automatically,
 Data Queries

Sorting Data in Excel

• The sort buttons in Excel can be found under the Data tab in the
Sort & Filter group. Select a single cell in the column you want to
sort on and click the “AZ down arrow” button to sort from
smallest to largest or the “AZ up arrow” button to sort from
largest to smallest. You may also click the Sort button to specify
criteria for more advanced sorting capabilities.
 Data Queries

Example 12 Sorting Data in the Purchase Orders

Database
• Suppose we wish to sort the data by supplier. Click on any cell in
column A of the data (but not the header cell A3) and then the
“AZ down” button in the Data tab. Excel will select the entire
range of the data and sort by name of supplier in column A.
 Data Queries

Filtering Data
• For large data files, finding a particular subset of records that
meet certain characteristics by sorting can be tedious.
• Excel provides two filtering tools:
– AutoFilter for simple criteria, and
– Advanced Filter for more complex criteria.
 Data Queries

Example 14: Filtering Records by Item Description

In the Purchase Orders database, suppose we are interested in extracting all
records corresponding to the item Bolt-nut package.

Select any cell in the

database
Data > Sort & Filter > Filter
Click on the dropdown arrow
in cell D3.
Select Bolt-nut package to
filter out all other items.
 Data Queries

Example 14: Filter Results

• The filter tool does not extract the records; it simply hides the records that
don’t match the criteria. However, you can copy and paste the data to
another Excel worksheet, Microsoft Word document, or a Power-Point
presentation.
• To restore the original data file, click on the drop-down arrow again and
then click Clear filter from “Item Description.”
 Data Queries

Example 15: Filtering Records by Item Cost

• Suppose we wish to identify all records in the Purchase Orders database
whose item cost is at least $200. First, click on the drop-down arrow in the
Item Cost column and position the cursor over Numbers Filter. This
displays a list of options. Select Greater Than Or Equal To . . . from the list.
 Data Queries

Example 15: Filtering Records by Item Cost

• The Custom AutoFilter dialog allows you to specify up to two specific
criteria using “and” and “or” logic. Enter 200 in the box as shown; the tool
will display all records having an item cost of $200 or more.
 Data Queries

About the AutoFilter

• AutoFilter creates filtering criteria based on the type of data
being filtered. If you choose to filter on Order Date or Arrival
Date, the AutoFilter tools will display a different Date Filters
menu list for filtering that includes “tomorrow,” “next week,”
“year to date,” and so on.
• AutoFilter can be used sequentially to “drill down” into the data.
– For example, after filtering the results by Bolt-nut package, we could then
filter by order date and select all orders processed in September.