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Photometric Image Formation

Computer vision notes

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94 views8 pages

Photometric Image Formation

Computer vision notes

Uploaded by

user828306
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Photometric Image

Formation
Photometric image formation

Photometric image formation in computer vision is the process of determining how light
reflects off a surface and projects onto an image.
Working Principle:
Light from a source reflects off a surface.
Some of the reflected light passes through an image plane.
The light reaches a sensor plane through optics.
The brightness of a pixel is proportional to the amount of light that projects onto it.
• Some factors that affect image Absorption, Reflection
formation are:
and Scattering
• The strength and direction of the
light emitted from the source.
• The material and surface
geometry along with other
nearby surfaces.
• Sensor Capture properties
1.Some light is absorbed. That depends on the factor called ρ (albedo). Low ρ of the
surface means more light will get absorbed.
2.Some light gets reflected diffusively, which is independent of viewing direction. It
follows Lambert’s cosine law that the amount of reflected light is proportional to
cos(θ). E.g., cloth, brick.
3.Some light is reflected specularly, which depends on the viewing direction. E.g.,
mirror.
Lambert’s Cosine Law
• Lambert’s Cosine law is one of the important
concepts of photometry and is related to
diffuse reflection. It is also known as the
cosine emission law. In this kind of reflection,
a clear image is not obtained as the incident
rays don’t merge at a single point, they diffuse
in different directions.
• Lambert’s Cosine Law states that the radiant
intensity from an ideal diffusing reflective
surface is directly proportional to the cosine
of the angle  between the direction of
incident light and the normal to the surface.
• The mathematical expression for the law is
given as I I cos 
0
Bidirectional Reflectance
Distribution Function (BRDF)
• It gives the measure of light scattered by a medium from one direction
into another. The scattering of the light can determine the topography
of the surface — smooth surfaces reflect almost entirely in the
specular direction, while with increasing roughness the light tends to
diffract into all possible directions. Eventually, an object will appear
equally bright throughout the outgoing hemisphere if its surface is
perfectly diffuse (i.e., Lambertian). Owing to this, BRDF can give
valuable information about the nature of the target sample.
The BRDF

• BRDF describes the proportion of


light coming from each incident
direction that is redirected to each
reflected direction, as a function of
wavelength.
• The BRDF is reciprocal .
(can exchange the incident and
reflected directions)
The BRDF

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