Scribd
Upload
13 views27 pages

Chapter 1

The document provides an introduction to computer components, defining a computer as an electronic device that processes information and produces output. It details the hardware components of a PC system, including the motherboard, power supply, drives, and adapter cards, as well as the distinction between system software and application software. Additionally, it covers programming languages, algorithms, pseudo code, and flowcharts as essential tools for software development.

Uploaded by

Boonsaa Mulataa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
13 views27 pages

Chapter 1

The document provides an introduction to computer components, defining a computer as an electronic device that processes information and produces output. It details the hardware components of a PC system, including the motherboard, power supply, drives, and adapter cards, as well as the distinction between system software and application software. Additionally, it covers programming languages, algorithms, pseudo code, and flowcharts as essential tools for software development.

Uploaded by

Boonsaa Mulataa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

CHAPTER 1

Introduction to computer
components

by milkisa T.
Computer definition
• Is an electronic device that accepts information, process it,
and produces out put
• Is not very intelligent device but, handles instructions
flawlessly and fast.
• Is accurate, suited for repetitive work
• Can store large amount of data and performs complex
calculations.
• Generally, these are the important activities of computer:
 input
Processes
Out put
PC System hardware components
• It is called a system because it includes all the components
required to have a functional computer:
 Input devices- keyboard and mouse
 Computer- system unit
 Output devices- a CRT monitor and a printer
Main components of the system unit

• Mother board
• Power supply
• Drives
• Adapter cards
Mother board
• Is the base of the modern computer system
• Is the main ckt board in the computer where every thing comes
together
• Used to plug in:
Processor(CPU)- the brain of a computer system
RAM-the working place of a computer system.
Buses- the physical path way on the mother board
Ports-serial and parallel port
Etc..
Power supply

• A standard power supply draws power from local, alternating


current(AC) source and converts it in to either 3.3, 5 and 12
volts direct current(DC), for on board electronics and hard
drives.
Drives

• Hard disk drive


Hard disk-is the primary archival storage memory for the
system and is used to store crucial programs and data.
• CD –ROM drive
• Floppy disk drive
Adapter cards

• Video adapter cards


• I/O adapter cards
Software

• Any programs that controls the computer system.


Program –the set of instructions that tell a computer to
execute a series of specific tasks.
• Two types of computer software:
System software
Application software
System software

• Is a computer program that directly communicate with


computer hardware.
• It includes a combination of the following:
Operating system
Device derivers
Programming software etc…
Application software

• Allows end users to accomplish one or more specific tasks.


• Typical applications include:
Word processor
Database
Business software
Spreadsheet etc…
N.B application software communicates with the computer
hardware via system software, the operating system.
Application
User OS Hardware
software
Programming languages

• Programming language is a set of rules, symbols, and special


words used to construct a computer program
• Three level of programming language:
Machine language- binary representation of the
instructions that computer hardware can perform
Assembly (symbol) language- is a low level
programming language in which a mnemonic is
used to represent each of the machine language
instruction for a specific computer.
high level language - c++,c, java
• Example:

Machine language Assembly language

100101 ADD

001101 SUB

011001 MPY

100111 CMP

100011 JMP
High level language- is more understandable and
closer to standard notations than assembly language
e.g C++ is high level language based on algebraic
notation.
Assembly language C++

LOAD x
A=x+y-z
ADD y
SUB z
STO A
Program development
• Is a structure imposed on the development of a software
product.
• There are several models for such processes, each describing
approaches to a variety of tasks or activities that takes place
during the process.
Algorithm
• Algorithm: is a procedure for solving a problem in terms of the
actions to be executed and the order in which those actions are
to be executed.
• Is merely the sequence of steps taken to solve a problem.
• E.g: 1.input: number1, number2,…,numberN
2.Avg  number1+number2+…+numberN)/N
3. print Avg.
Algorithm
• Step 1: Input W,L to calculate
• Step 2: A  L x W
area and
• Step 3: C  2(L+W)
circumference
• Step 3: Print A,C
of A
rectangle.

05/21/2025
PSEUDO CODE

• Pseudo code: is an artificial and informal language that


helps programmers develop algorithms.
• It is nearer to the everyday spoken English language.

05/21/2025
• Three standards for good pseudo code:
Number each instruction.
Each instruction should be unambiguous
Completeness. Nothing is left out.
Example-1:
1. Get price of item
2. Get sales tax
3. sales tax=price of items times sales tax rate
4. Final price=price of item plus sales tax
5. Display final price
6. halt
• Example-2:
if student grade is greater than 60 print “pass”
else print “failed”
• Example-3:
1. Prompt for the first number
2. Get the number
3. Prompt for the second number
4. Get the number
5. Average=(first number + second number)/2
6. Display average
Flow charts
• Is a representation, primarily through the use of symbols, of the
sequence of activities in a system(process, operation, function…..)

Terminal Flow lines

Input/output Decision

Process Connector
• Example: print a list of the numbers from 4 to 9,
next to each number; print the square of the
number.
start

Num=4

X=Num2

Print
No Num , x

yes
Num =Num+1

Num>9

stop
• Example-2 displays the sum of first natural numbers b/n 4 and 50

start

X=4
Sum=0

Sum=Sum+x
X=x+1
yes no

X<=50

Print
sum

End
Exercise
Write an algorithm , pseudo code and draw a
flowchart that will calculate the roots of a
quadratic equation Ax2+Bx+c that has a real
solution.
Hint: d = sqrt (B2-4Ac ), and the roots are:
x1 = (–b + d)/2a and x2 = (–b –
d)/2a

05/21/2025

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy