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Structure and Function of Chloroplast

Chloroplasts are essential organelles in plant cells responsible for photosynthesis, containing structures such as the inner and outer membranes, thylakoids, granum, and stroma. They absorb light through chlorophyll, convert light energy into chemical energy, and synthesize glucose while releasing oxygen as a byproduct. Additionally, chloroplasts store excess carbohydrates as starch and are involved in the synthesis of various metabolites.

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3 views4 pages

Structure and Function of Chloroplast

Chloroplasts are essential organelles in plant cells responsible for photosynthesis, containing structures such as the inner and outer membranes, thylakoids, granum, and stroma. They absorb light through chlorophyll, convert light energy into chemical energy, and synthesize glucose while releasing oxygen as a byproduct. Additionally, chloroplasts store excess carbohydrates as starch and are involved in the synthesis of various metabolites.

Uploaded by

nirajanchand11
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Structure and function of

chloroplast
Structure of chloroplast
• Inner membrane: The inner membrane of chloroplasts regulates molecule transport, maintains the
stroma’s environment, and supports photosynthesis
• Intermembrane space: The intermembrane space in chloroplasts is the region between the inner and
outer membranes, involved in molecules transport and signaling
• Outer membrane: The outer membrane in chloroplasts is permeable to small molecules and ions,
allowing their exchange between the cytoplasm and the chloroplasts
• Thylakoid: Thylakoids are membrane bound structure in chloroplasts where the light-dependent
reactions of photosynthesis occur, producing ATP and NADPH
• Granum: Granum is a stack of thylakoids in chloroplasts that increases the surface area for light-
dependent reactions of photosynthesis
• Stroma: Stroma is the fluid-filled space in chloroplasts where the Calvin cycle occurs, producing sugars
from carbon dioxide
• Stroma lamella: Stroma lamella are membrane bridges in chloroplasts that connect grana and support
the distribution of light energy during photosynthesis
Function of chloroplast
• The major function of chloroplast is photosynthesis
• Light absorption: Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, a pigment that captures sunlight, initiating
photosynthesis
• Conversion of light energy to chemical energy: Chloroplasts use light energy to produce ATP and NADPH
during the light-dependent reactions or hill reactions
• Synthesis of glucose: In the calvin cycle (Light-independent reactions), chloroplasts use ATP, NADPH, and
CO₂ to synthesize carbohydrates
• Oxygen production: During photosynthesis, chloroplasts split water molecules, releasing oxygen as a by
products
• Storage of Starch: Chloroplasts store excess carbohydrates as starch granules for later use
• Synthesis of Metabolisms: Chloroplasts also participate in the synthesis of fatty acids, amino acids, and
secondary metabolisms like pigment and hormones

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