Jagran Institute Of Management

• Department of MCA
• MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATION
• (Second Year-2021-22-Semester:4th )
• KCA-035-Software Quality Engineering
• Subject Start Date: 1st February-2022

Name of Faculty:
Vishnu Kr. Shukla
(Assistant Professor )
Department of MCA
UNIT-V-

Start -
• UNIT-V-
• Software Verification, Validation &
Testing:
• Verification and Validation,
Evolutionary Nature of Verification
and Validation, Impracticality of
Testing all Data and Paths, Software
Testing, Proof of Correctness,
Functional, Structural and Error-
Oriented Analysis & Testing, Static
and Dynamic Testing Tools,
Characteristics of Modern Testing
 • Introduction to Software
Verification:
• Software verification is a discipline of
software engineering whose goal is to assure that
software fully satisfies all the expected
requirements.
• Verification in Software Testing is a process of
checking documents, design, code, and program in
order to check if the software has been built
according to the requirements or not. The main
goal of verification process is to ensure quality of
software application, design, architecture etc
• What is Software Verification?
Reviewing of any software for the purpose of finding
faults is known as software verification. Verification is
the process of checking that a software achieves its goal
without any bugs.
• It is the process to ensure whether the product that is
developed is right or not. The reviewing of a document
can be done from the first phase of software
development i.e. software requirement and analysis
phase where the end product is the SRS document.
• There are many methods for practicing the verification
of the software like peer reviews, walkthroughs,
inspections, etc that can help us in the prevention of
potential faults otherwise, it may lead to the failure of
• The Secret Code of Software Validation in 5 Steps
• Step 1: Create the Validation Plan. ...
• Step 2: Define System Requirements. ...
• Step 3: Create the Validation Protocol & Test
Specifications. ...
• Step 4: Testing. ...
• Step 5: Develop/Revise Procedures & Final Report.
Methods of Verification :
1. Peer Reviews –
The very easiest method and informal way of reviewing
the documents or the programs/software for the purpose
of finding out the faults during the verification process is
the peer-review method.
2. In this method, we give the document or software
programs to others and ask them to review those
documents or software programs where we expect their
views about the quality of our product and also expect
them to find the faults in the program/document.
3. The activities that are involved in this method may include
SRS document verification, SDD verification, and program
verification. In this method, the reviewers may also
prepare a short report on their observations or findings,
• 2. Walk-through –
Walk-throughs are the formal and very systematic
type of verification method as compared to peer-
review. In a walkthrough, the author of the software
document presents the document to other persons
which can range from 2 to 7. Participants are not
expected to prepare anything.
• The presenter is responsible for preparing the
meeting. The document(s) is/are distributed to all
participants. At the time of the meeting of the walk-
through, the author introduces the content in order
to make them familiar with it and all the
participants are free to ask their doubts.
• 3. Inspections –
Inspections are the most structured and most
formal type of verification method and are
commonly known as inspections. A team of three to
six participants is constituted which is led by an
impartial moderator.
• Every person in the group participates openly,
actively, and follows the rules about how such a
review is to be conducted.
• Everyone may get time to express their views,
potential faults, and critical areas. After the
meeting, a final report is prepared after
incorporating necessary suggestions by the
• Hence, Verification is likely more effective than validation
but it may find some faults that are somewhat impossible
to find during the validation process. But at the same time,
it allows us to find faults at the earliest possible phase/time
of software development.
• Another Point of view types of verification:-
• 1. Verification by Test
• 2. Verification by Demonstration
• 3. Verification by Analysis
• 4. Verification by Inspection
• Broad scope and classification:-
• A broad definition of verification makes it equivalent
to software testing. In that case, there are two
fundamental approaches to verification:
• Dynamic verification, also known
as experimentation, dynamic testing or, simply testing.
- This is good for finding faults (software bugs).
• Static verification, also known as analysis or, static
testing -
• This is useful for proving the correctness of a program.
Although it may result in false positives when there
are one or more conflicts between the process a
software really does and what the static verification
assumes it does.
• Dynamic verification (Test):-
• Dynamic verification is performed during the execution of software, and
dynamically checks its behavior; it is commonly known as the Test phase.
Verification is a Review Process. Depending on the scope of tests, we can
categorize them in three families:
• Test in the small: a test that checks a single function or class (Unit test)
• Test in the large: a test that checks a group of classes, such as
– Module test (a single module)
– Integration test (more than one module)
– System test (the entire system)
• Acceptance test: a formal test defined to check acceptance criteria for a
software
– Functional test
– Non functional test (performance, stress test)
• The aim of software dynamic verification is to find the errors introduced by
an activity (for example, having a medical software to analyze bio-chemical
data); or by the repetitive performance of one or more activities (such as a
stress test for a web server, i.e. check if the current product of the activity
• Static verification (Analysis)
• Static verification is the process of checking that software
meets requirements by inspecting the code before it runs.
For example:
• Code conventions verification
• Bad practices (anti-pattern) detection
• Software metrics calculation
• Formal verification
• Verification by Analysis - The analysis verification method
applies to verification by investigation, mathematical
calculations, logical evaluation, and calculations using
classical textbook methods or accepted general use
computer methods. Analysis includes sampling and
correlating measured data and observed test results with
calculated expected values to establish conformance with
• OR -Verification:
Verification is the process of checking that a
software achieves its goal without any bugs. It is the
process to ensure whether the product that is
developed is right or not. It verifies whether the
developed product fulfills the requirements that we
have.
Verification is Static Testing.
• Activities involved in verification:
• Inspections
• Reviews
• Walkthroughs
• Desk-checking
• Introduction to Software Validation:-
Validation is the process of checking whether the software
product is up to the mark or in other words product has
high level requirements. It is the process of checking the
validation of product i.e. it checks what we are developing
is the right product. it is validation of actual and expected
product.
Validation is the Dynamic Testing.
• Activities involved in validation:
• Black box testing
• White box testing
• Unit testing
• Integration testing
• In short (Methods Or approaches of Software verification)
• The process of software verification can be performed through
following approaches:
• Reviews: It is an organized way of examining the documents such as
design specifications, requirements specifications, code, etc. by one or
more than one person, to explore defects in the software.
• Walkthroughs: It is, usually an informal way of evaluating the software
product, where different teams, whether associated or non-associated
with the software development, goes through the software product
and have discussion on possible errors and other defects, present in the
software.
• Inspection: It is one of the preferred and most common methods of
the static testing.
• Unlike, walkthroughs, it's a formal way of testing the software, through
examination of documents, carried out by the skilled moderator. This
method usually, checklist, rules, entry & exist criteria along with
preparation and sharing of reports, in order to take corrective &
necessary actions.
• Advantages of Software Verification:
• The advantages offered by software verification are
numerous. It is among those processes, which makes the
process of software development easy and allows the team
to create an end product that conforms to the rules and
regulations, as well as customer’s requirements. Other
advantages of this process are:
• It helps reduce the number of defects found during the later
stages of development.
• Verifying the software in its initial development phase allows
the team to get a better understanding of the product.
• It helps reduce the chances of system failures and crashes.
• Assists the team in developing a software product that
conforms to the specified requirements and design
specifications.
• Introduction to Software Validation:
• Software Validation plays an immensely significant role during
the software development life cycle (SDLC) and helps the
testing and development teams to create a quality product.
Therefore, in this article, we shall discuss the various aspects of
software validation.
• The process of evaluating software during or at the end of the
development process to determine whether it satisfies
specified requirements.
• The process of evaluating software during the development
process or at the end of the development process to determine
whether it satisfies specified business requirements.
• Validation Testing ensures that the product actually meets the
client's needs. It can also be defined as to demonstrate that the
product fulfills its intended use when deployed on appropriate
environment.
• Or - What is Software Validation?
• Software Validation is a process of evaluating software
product, so as to ensure that the software meets the
pre-defined and specified business requirements as well
as the end users/customers' demands and expectations.
• It is basically, performed with the intent to check that
whether the developed software is built as per pre-
decided software requirement specifications (SRS) and if
it caters to fulfill the customers' actual needs in the real
environment.
• Both, the verification and validation is a software testing
activity, and verification is followed by the validation.
Validation is usually carried out at the end of the
software development.
• Software Validation Procedure:
• As stated earlier, validation is the actual testing performed
on the software product. Thus, it requires proper testing
strategy. According to ISO/IEC 12207:2008, validation
process includes:
• Gathering and analysis of the specifications and
requirements.
• Based on specifications and requirements, preparation
of test strategies, plans and cases, that seems fit for use.
• Go for testing the boundary values along with stress and
functionalities test.
• Test the error message.
• Conducts software evaluation, as it ensures that the
software meets the all pre-decided requirements and is
• Activities:
• Unit Testing
• Integration Testing
• System Testing
• User Acceptance Testing
 • Difference Between Software Verification and
Validation:
• Software verification and validation are two of
the most important processes used for
ensuring the quality and accuracy of the
product.
• However, these are usually confused by
people and used interchangeably.
• Hence, to help you here is a comparison
between these two software testing
techniques.
 Software Verification Software Validation

1. Software verification is the process 1. Software validation evaluates the

of evaluating the development phase software during the development phase to
to ensure the accuracy of the software. ensure its compliance with business
requirements.

2. It is performed once the process

2. It is performed before the of software verification is
execution of software validation. completed.

3. Verification ensures the 3. Validation ensures that the

product is being developed as software meets the user’s needs
per the requirements and design and is fit to be used by them.
specification.

4. Evaluates plans, requirement

specification, documents, test 4. Evaluates the software product to
cases, etc. verify its readiness to be released.
 • Software Verification and Validation(V & V )
• Verification and validation assure that a software
system meets a user's needs.
• Verification:
"Are we building the product right?"
The software should conform to its specification.
• Validation:
• "Are we building the right product?"
• The software should do what the user really
requires.
• Why Software Validation is Required?
• From ensuring the fulfillment of particular requirements of
a specific intended use to investigating any deviations from
the established parameters, there are various reasons for
performing software validation. Other reasons for
implementing software validation are:
• It ensures that the software has been built in conformance
with the requirements of the customer.
• Helps catch errors that were missed or overlooked during
the software verification.
• Enables the team to build a software that fulfils users
requirements.
• Execution of code comes under software validation.
• Helps improve the quality and value of the software
product.
 • Evolutionary validation, verification and
certification:
• (Enabling iterative and incremental development of
certified software)
• Reliable, accurate, fast and low-cost validation and
verification of software products is a cornerstone of
modern high-tech industry. The EVOLVE project will
enforce the creation of a methodological
framework for early verification and validation of
evolutionary software products through the
accredited and certified integration of each
component during every iteration in an incremental
model-driven engineering (MDE) context.
• Concept of Evolutionary model is a combination of
Iterative and Incremental model of software
development life cycle. Delivering your system in a
big bang release, delivering it in incremental
process over time is the action done in this model.
Some initial requirements and architecture
envisioning need to be done.
• It is better for software products that have their
feature sets redefined during development because
of user feedback and other factors.
• The Evolutionary development model divides the
development cycle into smaller, incremental
waterfall models in which users are able to get
• Evolutionary model suggests breaking down of work into
smaller chunks, prioritizing them and then delivering those
chunks to the customer one by one. The number of chunks is
huge and is the number of deliveries made to the customer.
The main advantage is that the customer’s confidence
increases as he constantly gets quantifiable goods or services
from the beginning of the project to verify and validate his
requirements. The model allows for changing requirements as
well as all work in broken down into maintainable work chunks.
• Application of Evolutionary Model:
• It is used in large projects where you can easily find modules
for incremental implementation. Evolutionary model is
commonly used when the customer wants to start using the
core features instead of waiting for the full software.
• Evolutionary model is also used in object oriented software
development because the system can be easily portioned into
• Advantages of Evolutionary Model: :
• In evolutionary model, a user gets a chance to
experiment partially developed system.
• It reduces the error because the core modules get
tested thoroughly.
• Disadvantages of Evolutionary Model: :
• Sometimes it is hard to divide the problem into
several versions that would be acceptable to the
customer which can be incrementally implemented
and delivered.
 Proof of correctness
• What is-Proof of Correctness in software engineering?
• In software engineering, the correctness of a program or system is
achieved if it behaves exactly as intended for all of its use-cases.
• Before software is developed, engineers craft a list of
specifications that their system must adhere to in order to achieve
correctness. Without achieving correctness, a system is not ready
for use, as it might be unsafe or incomplete.
• DEFINITION:-
• Proof of correctness in software quality ensures a program's
output meets its specific requirements through mathematical
verification. It goes beyond testing by formally proving the
program's behavior, guaranteeing it functions as intended under
all specified conditions. This process involves using formal logic
and mathematical reasoning to demonstrate that the code is free
from errors and that its output is consistent with the initial design.
OR -Proof of correctness in software quality refers to a mathematical approach
to demonstrate that a program or part of it will produce the correct results
when executed, fulfilling specific requirements. It's a formal verification
method that aims to provide assurance about software's behavior by
rigorously proving its correctness based on a defined specification.
• Key aspects of proof of correctness:
• Mathematical Verification:
• Correctness proofs utilize formal methods and mathematical
reasoning to prove that a program's output is accurate and
consistent with its specifications.
• Formal Logic:
• Proving correctness often involves using formal logic to express the
program's behavior and properties in a way that can be
mathematically verified.
• Specifications:
• A clear and precise specification is crucial for correctness proofs,
defining the expected input, output, and behavior of the program.
• Preconditions and Post conditions: Correctness proofs often rely on
preconditions (conditions that must be true before the program
executes) and post conditions (conditions that must be true after
the program executes) to ensure the program behaves as expected.
• Beyond Testing: Proofs of correctness go beyond traditional testing,
which relies on examining a limited set of inputs and outputs. They
provide a more comprehensive guarantee of the program's
accuracy.
• Types of Proofs: Different techniques can be used for correctness
proofs, including induction, formal verification tools, and program
extraction from proofs.
• Benefits: Proving correctness can lead to more reliable and robust
software, especially in critical systems where even a small error can
have significant consequences.
• In essence, proof of correctness is a formal process of verifying that
a software program, or a part thereof, will produce the correct
results under specified conditions, providing a higher degree of
• Establishing correctness of Software:-
• We can establish correctness via rigorous software
verification and testing. The brute-force method
would be to test the system with a wide range of
inputs and detect erroneous output if any exists.
• Alternatively, we can prove correctness via
mathematical reasoning or proof. Unfortunately, it
is hard to automate the process of establishing
correctness.
• Control flow testing:-
• One way to prove program correctness is to determine the
control flow path(s) that a program takes while executing
via path coverage.
• The program must traverse through a certain control flow
path to achieve correctness. If the path taken by the
program is identical to the correct path, we can deduce
that the program has performed the corresponding task
correctly.
• (In Another Point of view)
• What is-Proof of Correctness in Software Testing:-
• A proof of correctness is a mathematical proof that a
computer program or a part there of will, when executed,
yield correct results i.e., results fulfilling specific
requirements. Before proving a program correct, the
theorem to be proved must, of course, be formulated.
• Hypothesis: The hypothesis of such a correctness theorem
is typically a condition that the relevant program variables
must satisfy immediately “before” the program is
executed. This condition is called the “precondition”.
• Thesis: The thesis of the correctness theorem is typically a
condition that the relevant program variables must satisfy
immediately “after” execution of the program. This latter
condition is called the ‘post-condition’.
• Thus the correctness theorem can be stated as:
• “If the condition, “V”, is true before execution of the
program, “S”, then the condition, “P”, will be true after
execution of “S” “.
• Where “V” is pre-condition and “P” is post-condition.
• Notation:
• Such a correctness theorem is usually written as {V} S
{P}, where V, S and P have been explained above.
• By “program variable” we broadly include input and
output data, e.g., data entered via a keyboard,
displayed on a screen or printed on paper. Any
externally observable aspect of the program’s
execution may be covered by the precondition and
post-condition.
• Software Testing Tools:-
• Software Testing tools are the tools which are used
for the testing of software. Software testing tools
are often used to assure firmness, thoroughness
and performance in testing software products.
• Unit testing and subsequent integration testing can
be performed by software testing tools. These tools
are used to fulfill all the requirements of planned
testing activities.
• These tools also works as commercial software
testing tools. The quality of the software is
evaluated by software testers with the help of
various testing tools.
• Types of Testing Tools:
As software testing is of two types, static testing and dynamic testing. Also
the tools used during these testing are named accordingly on these testing's.
Testing tools can be categorized into two types which are as follows:
• 1. Static Test Tools 2. Dynamic Test Tools
• These are explained in detail as following below:
• 1. Static Test Tools:
Static test tools are used to work on the static testing processes. In the
testing through these tools, typical approach is taken. These tools do not test
the real execution of the software. Certain input and output are not required
in these tools. Static test tools consists of the following:
• Flow analyzers:
Flow analyzers provides flexibility in data flow from input to output.
• Path Tests:
It finds the not used code and code with inconsistency in the software.
• Coverage Analyzers:
All rationale paths in the software are assured by the coverage analyzers.
• Interface Analyzers:
They check out the consequences of passing variables and data in the
• 2. Dynamic Test Tools:
Dynamic testing process is performed by the dynamic test
tools. These tools test the software with existing or current
data. Dynamic test tools comprises of the following:
• Test driver:
Test driver provides the input data to a module-under-test
(MUT).
• Test Beds:
It displays source code along with the program under
execution at the same time.
• Emulators:
Emulators provides the response facilities which are used to
imitate parts of the system not yet developed.
• Mutation Analyzers:
They are used for testing fault tolerance of the system by
knowingly providing the errors in the code of the software.
Introduction to functional testing:-
Functional testing is a type of testing that seeks to
establish whether each application feature works as per
the software requirements.
Each function is compared to the corresponding
requirement to ascertain whether its output is consistent
with the end user's expectations.
Functional testing is the process through which QAs
determine if a piece of software is acting in accordance
with pre-determined requirements. It uses black-box
testing techniques, in which the tester has no knowledge of
the internal system logic.
Functional testing is only concerned with validating if a
system works as intended.
• What is Functional Testing?
• FUNCTIONAL TESTING is a type of software testing
that validates the software system against the
functional requirements/specifications. The purpose of
Functional tests is to test each function of the software
application, by providing appropriate input, verifying
the output against the Functional requirements.
• Functional testing mainly involves black box testing
and it is not concerned about the source code of the
application. This testing checks User Interface, APIs,
Database, Security, Client/Server communication and
other functionality of the Application Under Test. The
testing can be done either manually or using
automation.
• What do you test in Functional Testing?
• The prime objective of Functional testing is checking
the functionalities of the software system. It mainly
concentrates on –
• Mainline functions: Testing the main functions of an
application
• Basic Usability: It involves basic usability testing of the
system. It checks whether a user can freely navigate
through the screens without any difficulties.
• Accessibility: Checks the accessibility of the system for
the user
• Error Conditions: Usage of testing techniques to check
for error conditions. It checks whether suitable error
messages are displayed.
• Functional testing types
• Unit testing.
• Component testing.
• Smoke testing.
• Regression testing.
• Integration testing.
• API testing.
• UI testing.
• 1. Unit Testing: This is performed by developers who write
scripts that test if individual components/units of an
application match the requirements. This usually involves
writing tests that call the methods in each unit and validate
them when they return values that match the requirements.
– In unit testing, code coverage is mandatory. Ensure that test cases
exist to cover the following:
• Line coverage
• Code path coverage
• Method coverage
• 2. Smoke Testing: This is done after the release of each build
to ensure that software stability is intact and not facing any
anomalies.
• 3. Sanity Testing: Usually done after smoke testing, this is run
to verify that every major functionality of an application is
working perfectly, both by itself and in combination with
• Regression Testing: This test ensures that changes to the
codebase (new code, debugging strategies, etc.) do not
disrupt the already existing functions or trigger some
instability.
• Integration Testing: If a system requires multiple
functional modules to work effectively, integration testing
is done to ensure that individual modules work as
expected when operating in combination with each other.
It validates that the end-to-end outcome of the system
meets these necessary standards.
• Beta/ Usability Testing: In this stage, actual customers
test the product in a production environment. This stage
is necessary to gauge how comfortable a customer is with
the interface. Their feedback is taken for implementing
further improvements to the code.
• Process Workflow for Functional Testing:-
• The overview of a functional test includes the following steps:
• Create input values
• Execute test cases
• Compare actual and expected output
• Generally, functional testing in detail follows the
steps below:
• Determine which functionality of the product needs
to be tested. This can vary from testing main
functions, messages, error conditions and/or
product usability.
• Create input data for functionalities to be tested
according to specified requirements.
• Determine acceptable output parameters according
to specified requirements.
• Execute test cases.
• Compare actual output from the test with the
predetermined output values. This reveals if the
• Introduction of Structural Testing:-
• Another type of software testing technique is Structural
testing, which is used to test the internal design of the
software or structure of the coding for the particular
software.
• In this testing, the development team members are
included in the testing team to execute the software's
internal design. The working of structural testing is opposite
to Behavioral testing.
• In other words, we can say that structural testing tests the
different features of an application based on its types.
• Structural testing is also known as white-box testing, glass
box testing, and clear-box testing. Developers mostly
implement it to identify the issue and fix them quickly.
• The structural testing process requires an in-depth
knowledge of the programming language and is
opposite to Functional Testing.
• The knowledge of the code's internal executions
and how the software is implemented is a necessity
for the test engineer to implement the structural
testing.
• Throughout the structural testing, the test engineer
intends on how the software performs, and it can
be used at all levels of testing.
• For example, the coverage of menu options or
significant business transactions could be the
system's structural element or acceptance testing.
• What are the Characteristics of Structural Testing?
Structural testing, white box testing or glass box testing has the
following characteristics:
• Structural testing requires the knowledge of internal coding of
the software and the basics. Thus, the testing can only be carried
out by a member of the developer team who knows how the
software was designed.
• The structural testing is based on how the system carries out the
operations instead of how it is perceived by the users or how
functions are carried out.
• The structural testing provides better coverage than many of the
testing approaches as it tests the whole code in detail, and the
errors involved can easily be removed. The chances of missing
out on any error become very low.
• Structural testing can be carried out at various levels, from high
to low, which involves the whole detailed testing of the system. It
• Error Handling Software Testing:-Error handling testing is
a type of software testing that is performed to check
whether the system is capable of or able to handle the
errors that may happen in future. This type of testing is
basically performed with the help of both developers and
the testers. Error handling testing not only focuses on the
determination of error but also focuses on the exception
handling.
• Objective of Error Handling Testing:
The objective of error handling testing is:
• To check the system ability to handle errors.
• To check the system highest soak point.
• To make sure errors can be handles properly by the
system in the future.
• Steps involved in the Error Handling testing:
Following are the steps involved in the error handling
testing:
• 1. Test Environment Set Up:
Test environment is set according to the software testing
technique so that the testing process can run smoothly.
This step includes planning for the testing. System which is
going to be tested is made sure have less significant data as
there might be crash problem in the system during testing.
• 2. Test Case Generation:
In this software testing test case generation is nothing but
making different test cases which may cause error. Suppose
a software operates on fractions then setting the
denominator of the fractions as zero. Test case generation
is associated with the developing team as without knowing
• 3. Test Case Execution:
After the test case generation, real testing process begins.
This is the most prominent part of the testing process. It
includes the running the program over the test case
generated.
• 4. Result and Analysis:
After the execution of the test case, its result is analyzed. It
includes the checking of the inconsistency in the expected
output for the generated test case. There might be a chance
of the program going into an infinite loop which may lead
up to software failure.
• 5. Re-test:
If the testing is failed then after the analysis once more all
the above steps are performed to test the system. It also
includes the testing of the system under new test cases
• Advantages of Error handling testing:
• It helps in construction of an error handling
powered software.
• It makes the software ready for all circumstances.
• It develops the exception handling technique in the
software.
• It helps is maintenance of the software.
• Disadvantages of the Error handling testing
• It is costly as both the developing and testing team
is involved.
• It takes lot of time to perform the testing
operations.
 • Characteristics of modern tools in software testing
• Some characteristics of modern tools in software testing are:
• 1. They have an improved speed.
• 2. They are more efficient and accurate.
• 3. They are easy to use.
• 4. They can be automated.
• Following are characteristics of modern testing tools
• It should use one or more testing strategy for performing testing
on host as well as on target platform.
• It should support GUI based test preparation.
• It should provide complete code coverage and create test
documentation in various formats (HTML/DOC/RTF...).
• These tools should able to adopt the underlying hardware.
• It should be easy to use. 6. Finally it should provide a clear
report on test case, steps, test case status (PASS/FAIL).
 • Modern Software Testing Tools
• Modern software testing tools encompass a wide array of solutions
for various testing needs, including automation, performance, and
mobile testing. Popular choices include Selenium for web
application testing, Appium for mobile app testing, and Cypress for
modern web applications. Additionally, tools like Test Complete,
Lambda Test, and Browser Stack offer comprehensive testing
capabilities, while Cucumber supports Behavior-Driven
Development.
• OR
• Modern testing tools in software testing encompass a variety of
automation frameworks, platforms, and techniques to enhance
efficiency and effectiveness in the software development
lifecycle. These tools support various testing types like functional,
performance, security, and UI, and include popular choices such as
Selenium for web application testing, Appium for mobile app
testing, and Cypress for end-to-end testing.
• Key Characteristics Modern Software Testing Tools :-
• The characteristics of a modern test process scan be summarized in goal
orientated, flexible and fast.
• 1. Automation:
• Modern tools automate repetitive tasks, freeing up testers to focus on
more complex aspects of testing.
• 2. Integration:
• They integrate with CI/CD pipelines, version control systems, bug-tracking
tools, and other development tools, streamlining the testing process.
• 3. Versatility:
• They support a wide range of technologies, including web, mobile,
desktop, and hybrid applications.
• 4. Cross-Platform Compatibility:
• They support multiple browsers, operating systems, and devices, ensuring
comprehensive testing coverage.
• 5. Script less Automation:
• Some tools offer script less automation, allowing testers to create test
cases without coding knowledge.
• 5. AI-Powered Features:
• Many tools utilize AI to automate test case design, execution, and
analysis, improving efficiency and accuracy.
• 6. Comprehensive Reporting:
• They provide real-time reporting, detailed analytics, and
customizable dashboards to track progress and identify issues.
• 7. Scalability:
• They can handle large-scale testing projects, supporting parallel
execution and distributed testing.
• 8. Collaboration:
• They often offer role-based access and collaboration features,
facilitating teamwork among testers, developers, and
stakeholders.
• 9. Test Management:
• They provide centralized test case and test cycle management,
allowing for efficient planning, execution, and tracking of testing
• Key Modern Testing Tools:
• 1. Web Application Testing:
• Selenium: A widely-used, open-source framework for
automating web browsers and testing web applications.
• Cypress: A modern, end-to-end testing framework
specifically designed for modern web applications.
• Katalon Studio: A comprehensive platform for web
application testing, offering a low-code approach.
• Test Complete: A robust solution for creating and
executing UI tests for web, desktop, and mobile
applications.
• Play wright: A versatile framework for automating web
and mobile browsers, offering cross-platform
compatibility.
• 2. Mobile Application Testing:
• Appium: A popular framework for automating native,
hybrid, and mobile web apps on Android and iOS.
• Katalon Studio: Can also be used for mobile
application testing, offering cross-platform
automation.
• 3. API Testing:
• Soap UI: A tool for testing REST, SOAP, and GraphQL
APIs, offering functional and performance testing
capabilities.
• Postman: A popular tool for API testing and
development, allowing for testing of various API
types.
• 4. Test Management:
• Test Link: A free and open-source test management tool.
• Spira Test: A comprehensive test management tool for various testing
needs.
• QA Touch: A tool that helps manage and organize testing processes.
• 5. Mobile Compatibility Testing:
• Browser Stack: A cloud-based platform for testing web applications
across different browsers, devices, and operating systems.
• Lambda Test: Another cloud-based testing platform offering browser
and mobile testing capabilities.
• 6. Other Notable Tools:
• Cucumber: Supports Behavior-Driven Development (BDD), allowing
for clearer and more collaborative test case definitions.
• Tricentis Tosca: A powerful test automation platform with a low-code
approach.
• ACCELQ: An AI-powered, code-free test automation platform for
various platforms.
•END