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The Draw-A-Person Test

The Draw-A-Person Test (DAP) is a psychological projective test developed by Florence Goodenough in 1926, used to assess children and adolescents by analyzing their drawings of a man, a woman, and themselves. The test evaluates various personality traits based on specific drawing characteristics, such as size and placement of body parts, and can reveal insights into the child's emotional and psychological state. It includes guidelines for scoring and interpreting the drawings, which can indicate aspects like aggression, self-esteem, and anxiety.

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28 views21 pages

The Draw-A-Person Test

The Draw-A-Person Test (DAP) is a psychological projective test developed by Florence Goodenough in 1926, used to assess children and adolescents by analyzing their drawings of a man, a woman, and themselves. The test evaluates various personality traits based on specific drawing characteristics, such as size and placement of body parts, and can reveal insights into the child's emotional and psychological state. It includes guidelines for scoring and interpreting the drawings, which can indicate aspects like aggression, self-esteem, and anxiety.

Uploaded by

araguingan0601
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The Draw-A-Person Test

Draw-a-Person test (DAP, DAP


test, or Goodenough–Harris Draw-
a-Person test) is a
psychological projective personality or
cognitive test used to evaluate
children and adolescents for a variety
of purposes.

 Florence Goodenough was


developed in 1926, this test was first
known as the Goodenough Draw-a-
Man test.
The Goodenough-Harris Test is
considered has guidelines for
assessing children from ages 3 to 15
years old.

The children are to draw first a


man, then a women and last,
themselves.
There is a scoring guide that tells
how to look at each separate item.
Used with children, the subject is asked to
draw a picture of a man, a woman, and
themselves. No further instructions are
given and the pictures are analyzed on a
number of dimensions. Aspects such as
the size of the head, placement of the
arms, and even things such as if teeth
were drawn or not are thought to reveal a
range of personality traits. The personality
traits can be anything from
aggressiveness, to homosexual tendencies,
to relationships with their parents, to
introversion and extroversion.
 Non projective uses of drawing tests:
 Age three:
Circle as the head
 Four years of age:
Resembles a tadpole: a head with two lines
for the body and legs
 Five:
A body and head are distinguishable
 As kids get older:
More details are added such as the fingers,
mouth and teeth.
 After the age of 11:
There is little improvement in detail, also
due to the fact that teens lose interest in
drawing.
Projective meanings:
Meanings from Machover's Draw A
Person test:

Placement on page:
Left: past
Right: future
Upper left: suppress past
Lower right: depression
Top: fantasy to achieve goals
Bottom: security, or reality
orientated
Meaning of body parts:

Head: the location of the self and is the


center of intellectual power social
dominance and control of body impulses.
large head: drawn by kids who value
intellect, want to be smart, or by ones with
organic brain damage.
Vacant eyes: (no pupils)- visual
processing learning problems
large eyes: suspicion, paranoia
Ears: enlarged ears hearing problems
suspicion of others talking about them
Nose: power striving
Mouth: hard to relate to others
Teeth: abnormal aggression
Hands: insecurity, cant deal with
environment
Arms:
large/long arms- want control, strength
and power.
small arms/ faint arms- fear power, week
and ineffective lack of personal
achievement.
Muscular arms: drawn by boys,
concerned with masculinity
Sex organs: aggressiveness , body
anxiety and poor impulse control
Belly button: dependency, common in
young children.
Omissions of body parts: concerned or
anxious about these parts will omit them
Legs: lack of support, feel immobile
Feet: lack security, feel hopeless
large feet- drawn by those who want
security
Characteristics of children:
Aggressive children: asymmetry of limbs,
teeth, long arms, big hands, genitals
With asthma: large noses, or else omitted
nose and or mouth
Shy children: asymmetry of limbs, teeth,
long arms, big hands, genitals, tiny figure,
hands cut off, omission of nose and mouth
Acting out: size: the drawing pressing up the
sides means difficulty with limbs
Sequence of mental children: drawings
go from controlled to out of controlled
Strokes: short and aggressive
Anxiety: more mutilation and rigidity
Boys: have more shading
High self esteem: well drawn hands,
indicated affect, large figures
Mentally handicapped : emphasis on the
eyes, larger , fewer erasures and clothing
less detail and symmetry, double face
profile (combines the side and the front
view the the face) resemble drawings of
younger children.
Insecure: examiner is drawn, models to
copy
Obese children: more stick figures, and
bizarre, distorted
representations
Physically handicapped: larger drawings
Heart disease: smaller children
Normal children: drew pictures of their own
sex or else someone who was significant to
them
younger children: drew more females
because of involvement with mothers
Delinquent boys: more nude females
Shading: boys have more shading
High self esteem: well drawn hands, indicated
affect, large figures
Mentally handicapped : emphasis on the
eyes, larger, fewer erasures and clothing less
detail and symmetry
Character disturbance: light pencil pressure
Gender Identity Disorder: the first sex drawn
is indicative of the sexual preference of the
subject. Males with this disorder will often
draw a female first, while females often draw a
male figure.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder: whole body is
erased
Unusual drawing methods:
Stick people: if these are drawn, the child is
asked to redraw the picture, but it indicates
reluctance to reveal oneself., child doesn't take
risks
Cowboys: drawn by boys, indicate masculinity
and toughness
Clowns: poor self concept, self hating thoughts
Monsters and witches: poor self concept,
feelings of depersonation.
Poorly integrated figures: head and limbs
don't join body- motor types of learning
disability or doing bad in school
Erasures: without improvement of the
drawing is related to anxiety and uncertainty
Shading: anxiety
Disturbed children shaded face
Line pressure: aggressive, forceful
boys use heavier pressure than girls
Base lining and placement on bottom of
paper
need support security
Figure: imbalance
Buttons: dependency

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