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Coordinate Measuring Machine

The document discusses Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM), which are electromechanical systems used for precise measurement of an object's dimensions and geometry. It outlines the components, operation, programming methods, advantages, and disadvantages of CMMs, as well as their applications in various industries such as automotive and aerospace. The document emphasizes the importance of CMMs in improving accuracy, reducing inspection time, and minimizing operator error.

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Nanmaran Guna
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47 views16 pages

Coordinate Measuring Machine

The document discusses Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM), which are electromechanical systems used for precise measurement of an object's dimensions and geometry. It outlines the components, operation, programming methods, advantages, and disadvantages of CMMs, as well as their applications in various industries such as automotive and aerospace. The document emphasizes the importance of CMMs in improving accuracy, reducing inspection time, and minimizing operator error.

Uploaded by

Nanmaran Guna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MN5073 - Mechatronics in Manufacturing Systems

UNIT V – INTEGRATION OF MANUFACTURING


SYSTEMS

Coordinate Measuring Machine


INTRODUCTION
 Coordinate metrology is concerned with the measurement of the actual
shape and dimensions of an object and comparing these with the desired
shape and dimensions.
 In this connection, coordinate metrology consists of the evaluation of the
location, orientation, dimensions, and geometry of the part or object.
 A Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) is an electromechanical system
designed to perform coordinate metrology.
 Measuring machine consisting of a contact probe and a mechanism to
position the probe in three-dimensions relative to surfaces and features of a
work part.
 The probe is fastened to a structure that allows movement relative to the
part .The part is a fixture on worktable connected to structure
 The location coordinates of the probe can be accurately recorded as it
contacts the part surface to obtain part geometry data
DEFINITION
 A CMM consists of a constant probe that can be positioned in 3D space
relative to the surface of a work part, and the x, y, and z coordinates of the
probe can be accurately and precisely recorded to obtain dimensional data
concerning the part geometry
PARTS OF A CMM SYSTEM
 The CMM system include three main
components which are given as follows:
 Main Structure: which is the mechanical
structure that provides
motion of the probe in 3 cartesian
axes and displacement
transducers to measure
the coordinate values of the
axis.
 Probing system: with a probe head and
probe to contact the work
and part surface.
 Data collection and reduction system - which
consists of the following:
Application software,
Machine controller,
Cantilever Moving bridge
TYPES OF CMM SYSTEM

Horizontal Arm Gantry


CMM Operation and Programming
 Positioning the probe relative to the part can be accomplished in
several ways, ranging from manual operation to direct computer
control.
 Computer-controlled CMMs operate much like CNC machine tools,
and these machines must be programmed.

CMM Controls:
 The methods of operating and controlling a CMM can be classified into four
main categories:
1. Manual drive,
2. Manual drive with computer-assisted data processing,
3. Motor drive with computer-assisted data processing, and
4. Direct Computer Control with computer-assisted data processing
CMM CONTROLS EXPLANATION
 In manual drive CMM, the human operator physically move the
probe along the machine’s axes to make contact with the part and
record the measurements. The measurements are provided by a
digital readout, which the operator can record either manually or
with paper print out. Any calculations on the data must be made
by the operator.
 A CMM with manual drive and computer-assisted data
processing provides some data processing and computational
capability for performing the calculations required to evaluate a
give part feature. The types of data processing and computations
range from simple conversions between units to more complicated
geometry calculations, such as determining the angle between two
planes.
 A motor-driven CMM with computer-assisted data
processing uses electric motors to drive the probe along the
machine axes under operator control. A joystick or similar device is
DCC CMM Programming
• A CMM with direct computer control (DCC) operates like a CNC
machine tool. It is motorized and the movements of the coordinate
axes are controlled by a dedicated computer under program control.
The computer also performs the various data processing and
calculation functions. As with a CNC machine tool, the DCC CMM
requires part programming.
• There are two principle methods of programming a DCC measuring
machine:
• In the Manual Lead through method, the operator leads the CMM
probe through the various motions required in the inspection
sequence, indicating the points and surfaces that are to be
measured and recording these into the control memory. During
regular operation, the CMM controller plays back the program to
execute the inspection procedure.
• Off-line Programming is accomplished in the manner of
computer-assisted NC part programming, The program is prepared
ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF CMM
 ADVANTAGES: DISADVANTAGES
• The inspection rate is increased. • The table and probe may
• Accuracy is more. not be in perfect
• Operators error can be minimized. alignment.
• Skill requirements of the operator is • The probe may have run
reduced. out.
• Reduced inspection fix Turing and
• The probe moving in Z-
maintenance cost.
• Reduction in calculating and recording
axis may have some
time. perpendicular errors.
• Reduction in set up time. • Probe while moving in X
• No need of separate go / no go gauges for and Y direction may not
each feature. be square to each other.
• Reduction of scrap and good part rejection. • There may be errors in
• Reduction in off line analysis time. digital system.
CMM MACHINE: CSIR-NPL,
NEW DELHI
CMM MACHINE: CSIR-NPL,
NEW DELHI
APPLICATIONS
• Co-ordinate measuring machines find applications in automobile, machine tool,
electronics, space and many other large companies.
• These machines are best suited for the test and inspection of test equipment, gauges
and tools.
• For aircraft and space vehicles, hundred percent inspections is carried out by using
CMM.
• CMM can be used for determining dimensional accuracy of the components.
• These are ideal for determination of shape and position, maximum metal condition,
linkage of results etc. which cannot do in conventional machines.
• CMM can also be used for sorting tasks to achieve optimum pairing of components
within tolerance limits.
• CMMs are also best for ensuring economic viability of NC machines by reducing
their downtime for inspection results. They also help in reducing cost, rework cost at
the appropriate time with a suitable CMM.
REFERENCES
 Bosch, J.A., Coordinate Measuring Machines and System.

"Coordinate Measuring Machine History – Fifty Years of CMM History leading
up to a Measuring Revolution",
COORD3 Metrology Archived 2013-09-08 at the Wayback Machine.
Accessed 23 August 2013 Renishaw: Biography
 "WIZprobe Kit". nextec-wiz.com. Archived from the original on 2010-11-01.
Retrieved 2010-06-26. "Laser Scanners". HexagonMetrology.us.
Retrieved 2013-04-23.
 "Chromatic White Light (CWS)". HexagonMetrology.us. Retrieved 2013-04-
23. Hansen H.N.; Carneiro K.; Haitjema H.; De Chiffre L. (2006).
"Dimensional Micro and Nano Metrology". CIRP Annals, 55-2, 721–743.
 Weckenmann A.; Peggs G.; Hoffmann J. (2006). "Probing systems for
dimensional micro- and nano-metrology". Measurement Science and
Technology. Meas. Sci. Technol. 17,504 509.504.
Thank you

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