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Biology Aids

The document is a presentation on AIDS, detailing its definition, symptoms, transmission methods, and prevention strategies. AIDS, caused by the HIV virus, leads to severe immune deficiency and is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, contaminated blood, and from mother to child. Prevention efforts focus on education, safe practices, and societal support for those affected, as there is currently no cure for AIDS.

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48 views10 pages

Biology Aids

The document is a presentation on AIDS, detailing its definition, symptoms, transmission methods, and prevention strategies. AIDS, caused by the HIV virus, leads to severe immune deficiency and is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, contaminated blood, and from mother to child. Prevention efforts focus on education, safe practices, and societal support for those affected, as there is currently no cure for AIDS.

Uploaded by

akashkarta007
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DAV PUBLIC

SCHOOL
NAME - AKASH KARTA
CLASS – 12TH
ROLL NO. - 04
SUBJECT – BIOLOGY
TOPIC – PRESENTATION ON STD
GUIDED BY :- NILIMA MAM
***
AIDS
◾ The Word Aids Stands For “Acquired
immuno deficiency syndrome”.
◾This means deficiency of immune system
acquired during the lifetime of an
individual indicating that it is not a
congenital disease.
◾Syndrome’ means a group of symptoms.
◾Aids was first reported in 1981 and in the last
…25 years or so, it has spread all over the world
…killing more than 25 millions of persons .
◾Aids was caused by the Human Immuno …
deficiency virus (HIV) a member of a group of …
viruses called Retrovirus.
RETROVIRUS which have an envelope
enclosing the RNA genome.
 About symptoms
◽Typically, this is followed by a prolonged
…Incubation period with no symptoms.
◽If the infection progresses, it interferes
more …with the immune system,
increasing the risk …of developing
common infections such as …
tuberculosis, as well as other
opportunistic …infections, and tumors
which are otherwise …rare in people who
have normal immune …function.
◽These late symptoms of infection are
referred ...to as acquired
 TRANSMISSION
Transmission of HIV-infection generally occurs
by
(i) sexual contact with infected person.
(ii) by transfusion of contaminated blood and …
…..blood products.
(iii) by sharing infected needles as in the case of
……intravenous drug abusers.
(iv) from infected mother to her child through
…...placenta.
◾So, people who are at high risk of getting
this ...infection includes - individuals who have
multiple …sexual partners, drug addicts who take
drugs …intravenously, individuals who require
repeated …blood transfusions and children born to an
HIV
…infected mother.
◾There is always a time-lag between the infection
and …appearance of AIDS symptoms. This period
may vary
…from a few months to many years (usually 5-10 …
years).
◾After getting into the body of the person, the virus enters into
…macrophages where RNA genome of the virus replicates to form viral
…DNA with the help of the enzyme reverse transcriptase.
◾This viral DNA gets incorporated into host cell’s DNA and directs the
infected cells …to produce virus particles.
◾The macrophages continue to produce virus and in this way acts like a
HIV
…factory.
◾Simultaneously, HIV enters into helper T-lymphocytes (TH), replicates
and …produce progeny viruses.
◾The progeny viruses released in the blood attack other helper T-
lymphocytes.
◾This is repeated leading to a progressive decrease in the number of
helper
...t-lymphocytes in the body of the infected person. During this period,
the person
…suffers from bouts of fever, diarrhoea and weight loss.
◾Due to decrease in the number of helper T lymphocytes, the person
◽The patient becomes so immuno-deficient
that …he/she is unable to protect
himself/herself against …these infections.
◽A widely used diagnostic test for AIDS is
enzyme …linked immuno-sorbent assay
(ELISA).
◽Treatment of AIDS with anti-retroviral drugs
is ….only partially effective.
◽They can only prolong the life of the
patient but …cannot prevent death, which is
inevitable.
 PREVENTION OF AIDS
: As AIDS has no cure, prevention is the best option.
 Moreover, HIV infection, more often, spreads due to conscious behaviour patterns and is not something
that happens inadvertently, like pneumonia or typhoid.
 Of course, infection in blood transfusion patients, new-borns (from mother) etc., may take place due to
poor monitoring.
 The only excuse may be ignorance and it has been rightly said – “don’t die of ignorance”. In our
country the National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) and other non-governmental organisation
(NGOs) are doing a lot to educate people about AIDS.
 WHO has started a number of programmes to prevent the spreading of HIV infection. Making blood
(from blood banks) safe from HIV, ensuring the use of only disposable needles and syringes in public
and private hospitals and clinics, free distribution of condoms, controlling drug abuse, advocating safe
sex and promoting regular check-ups for HIV in susceptible populations, are some such steps taken up.
 Infection with HIV or having AIDS is something that should not be hidden – since then, the infection
may spread to many more people.
 HIV/AIDS-infected people need help and sympathy instead of being shunned by society. Unless society
recognises it as a problem to be dealt with in a collective manner – the chances of wider spread of the
disease increase manifold.
 It is a malady that can only be tackled, by the society and medical fraternity acting together, to prevent
the spread of the disease.

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