ZINC PHOSPHATE CEMENT

SYNOPSIS
• Introduction
• General properties of dental cement
• Classification
• Uses
• Zinc phosphate cement
• Composition
• Setting reaction
• Mixing and setting time
• Advantages and disadvantages
INTRODUCTION
• Dental cements are generally inorganic, nonmetallic
substances that harden to act as a base, liner or restoration
or adhesive to bind device or prosthesis to tooth structures.
• Cement set by acid base reaction or Chelation.
• They are mostly available as powder liquid. Also available in
paste, capsules, autodispensing syringe and light curing
variety.
GENERAL PROPERTIES OF CEMENT

• Mixing time and setting time

• Viscosity
• Solubility
• Film thickness and consistency
• Strength
• Biological properties
 CLASSIFICATIO
N
Craig’s classification
• Water based cement
*GIC
*Resin modified glass ionomer
*Zinc phosphate
*Zinc polycarboxylate
• Oil based cement
*Zinc oxide eugenol
*Non eugenol cement
• Resin based cement
Donovan ‘s classification
• Conventional cement
*Zinc phosphate
*Zinc oxide eugenol
*Zinc polycarboxylate
*Glass ionomer cement
• Contemporary cement
*Resin modified glass ionomer cement
*Resin cement
 USES
Dental cement are used in
*luting
*base
*sub base
*cavity liner
*temporary restoration
ZINCPHOSPHATE CEMENT
Ada specification no : 96
*Introduced by Dr. Otto Hoffman
*It is also known as crown and bridge cement.
*Commonly used as base, restorative material and
luting the crowns and bridges.
Composition.
Powder
• Zinc oxide –Main ingredient (90.2%)
• Magnesium oxide (8.2%)-it reduces temperature of
calcination process.
• Other oxides (1.2%)
-Bismuth trioxide –smoothness to freshly mixed
cement mass.
-Silicon dioxide –act as inactive filler.
Liquid
• Aqueous solution of phosphoric acid –Main
ingredient (50-60%)
-Free acid 38.2%
-combined with Zn and Al (16.2%)
• Aluminium and zinc -10% .Act as buffer.
• Water(33%)
-It control rate of the reaction.
Mode of supply
Powder and liquid
Available types :
* Type 1-Fine grain .
*Type 2-Medium grain
Commercially available Zinc phosphate cement
Setting reaction :
*Powder mixed with liquid phosphoric acid
attacks the surface of the powder particles
release zinc ions into liquid.
*Al from liquid react with Zn ions and
forms zincaluminophosphate gel.
*It is acid base reaction and exothermic.
Powder /liquid ratio:
Base consistency -3.5:1
Luting consistency -2.1
Manipulation
• Glass slab should be used.
• It is mixed in a wide circular motion due to
exothermic reaction.
• To avoid the excessive heat cool glass
should be used.
Mixing time :60-90 sec
Setting time :2.5-8 mins
Frozen glass slab technique :
• To avoid exothermic heat frozen glass should be
used.
• By using this technique the working time will be
extend upto 4-12 mins.
• In freezer at -10degree C or refrigerator at 6
degree Celsius.
Accelerators :
• Increase P/L ratio
• Adding water to liquid
• Decrease particle size of the powder
• Increase temperature of the mixing
atmosphere
Retarder
• Use of glass slab to retard the reaction and
dissipate exothermic heat.
• Adding increments into small quantities.
• Buffering agents in liquid control the number
of phosphate group available for reaction.
Properties
Compressive strength -100 -160 Mpa
Tensile strength -5-8 Mpa
Adhesion –No adhesion to tooth structures
Biocompatibility-Pulp irritant due to the
presence of acid.
Insulation –Excellent thermal insulation, poor
electrical insulation.
Optical –Opaque.
Advantages :
• High compressive strength
• Good thermal insulator.
• Low solubility.
Disadvantages:
• Brittle,low tensile strength.
• Lacks chemical adhesion.
• Pulp irritant.
Conclusion
Zinc phosphate cements have been used for
decades with high success rates.
For this reason, they are the standard cement
for assessing clinical efficacy.
Although the cement does not offer either
covalent or ionic bonding to the tooth, mechanical
retention and high initial strength make these
materials suitable for cementing indirect restorations.
Reference :
Materials used in dentistry (2 nd edition) –
Mahalakshmi.
1.Who introduced Zinc Phosphate Cement?
a) Dr. Edward Maynard
b) Dr. William S. Price
c) Dr. Otto Hoffman
d) Dr. G.V. Black
Answer: c) Dr. Otto Hoffman
2. What is formed when aluminum from
the liquid reacts with zinc ions in Zinc
Phosphate Cement?
a) Zinc oxide
b) Zinc-aluminophosphate gel
c) Calcium silicate gel
d) Zinc carbonate
Answer: b) Zinc-aluminophosphate gel
3.The powder/liquid ratio for Zinc
Phosphate Cement in base consistency
is:
a) 1.5:1
b) 2.1:1
c) 3.5:1
d) 4:1
Answer: c) 3.5:1
4.To avoid excessive heat generation during the
mixing of Zinc Phosphate Cement, what type of
glass should be used?
a) Cool glass
b) Transparent glass
c) Heated glass
d) Clear plastic
Answer: a) Cool glass
5.What is the recommended mixing motion for Zinc
Phosphate Cement?
a) Slow linear motion
b) Vigorous stirring
c) Back-and-forth motion
d) Wide circular motion
Answer: d) Wide circular motion
6.Which of the following is a way accelerators can affect
the setting of Zinc Phosphate Cement?
a) Increase the P/L ratio
b) Add water to the liquid
c) Decrease the particle size of the powder
d) Increase the temperature of the mixing atmosphere
Answer: d) Increase the temperature of the mixing
atmosphere
7.Which of the following is an advantage of
Zinc Phosphate Cement?
a) Brittle, low tensile strength
b) Lacks chemical adhesion
c) High compressive strength
d) Pulp irritant
Answer: c) High compressive strength
8.Which of the following is a disadvantage of
Zinc Phosphate Cement?
a) Good thermal insulator
b) Low solubility
c) Lacks chemical adhesion
d) High compressive strength
Answer: c) Lacks chemical adhesion
9.Zinc and Aluminum in the solution act
as:
a) Catalysts
b) Buffers
c) Reactants
d) Solvents
Answer: b) Buffers
10.Which of the following is a type of the
product available?
a) Type 1 - Fine grain
b) Type 3 - Coarse grain
c) Type 4 - Ultra-fine grain
d) Type 2 - Heavy grain
Answer: a) Type 1 - Fine grain