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Topic 3 Piping

The document provides an overview of piping fundamentals, including the definition of pipes and their components, such as fittings, valves, and insulation. It emphasizes the importance of proper design, material selection, and stress analysis in piping systems to ensure safety and functionality in industrial applications. Additionally, it discusses the use of Piping and Instrumentation Drawings (P&ID) for representing piping systems and the significance of insulation for heat conservation and process stabilization.

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cocfries74
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20 views26 pages

Topic 3 Piping

The document provides an overview of piping fundamentals, including the definition of pipes and their components, such as fittings, valves, and insulation. It emphasizes the importance of proper design, material selection, and stress analysis in piping systems to ensure safety and functionality in industrial applications. Additionally, it discusses the use of Piping and Instrumentation Drawings (P&ID) for representing piping systems and the significance of insulation for heat conservation and process stabilization.

Uploaded by

cocfries74
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PIPING

FUNDAMENTALS
Piping Fundamentals

PIPE:
It is a Tubular item made of metal, plastic, glass etc.
meant for conveying Liquid, Gas or any thing that
flows.
It is a very important component for any industrial
plant. And it’s engineering plays a major part in overall
engineering of a Plant.
PIPING

• . The term Piping means not only pipe but


includes components like fittings, flanges,
valves, bolts, gaskets, bellows etc.
PREPARATION OF
STANDARD PMS/VMS
• PMS is a Bible for a Piping Engineer. It consists all about material details,
dimension details, type of ends, schedules/thicknesses, branch offs, NDT
requirements, various codes/standards being followed etc for all Piping
items. Main Piping items detailed out in PMS are listed below:
• Pipes
• Fitting
• Flanges
• Misc items (Steam traps/Strainers) etc
• Bolts
• Gaskets
• Valves
In any plant various fluids flow through pipes
from one end to other.
We have to transfer the content of Tank no. 1 to
the other two tanks.
We will need to connect pipes to transfer the
fluids from Tank-1 to Tank-2 and Tank-3
We have just brought the pipes, now we
To solve these need to solve some more problems.
problems we need the
Pipes are all straight pieces.
pipe components, are
s
which are called p ipe s!
ome size
PIPE FITTINGS e n s rent
Ev diffe
of

We need some
branch
connections

We need some bend


connections
,
There are various types of fittings for various
purposes, some common types are -
Elbows/Bends, Tees/Branches,
Reducers/Expanders, Couplings, Olets, etc.

Anyway, the pipes and


fittings are in place, but the
ends are yet to be joined with
the Tank nozzles.

We now have to complete the


end connections.
These, in piping term, we call

TERMINAL CONNECTIONS.
But if we want to control the flow from Tank-1 to
other tanks.

We need some arrangement to stop the


flow if needed

These are flanged joints

This is a welded joint

To control the flow in a pipe line we


need to fit a special component.

That is called - VALVE


There are many types of valves, categorized
based on their construction and functionality,
Those are - Gate, Globe, Check, etc.

Other than valves another important


line component of pipe line is a filter,
which cleans out derbies from the
flowing fluid. This is called a
STRAINER
VALVES
• Valves stop or open and regulate flow. Some of the basic valve types are
gate, globe, check, Ball, Plug, etc.
• GATE VALVE: It is usually manually operated and is designed for open or
shut operation. Flow can enter either end of the gate body.
• GLOBE VALVE: is for throttling. Good examples of globe valves are the
faucets on washbasin which throttle or adjust the flow to suit a person’s
needs. Flow must enter the valve and flow up, against the seat, and change
the direction again to the outlet.
• CHECK VALVE: “checks” flow. It lets flow go one way and will not let it
reverse. When you have a check valve in a line, you have made a one-way
street. The flow can go one way.
When some fluid is flowing in a pipe we may
also like know the parameters like, pressure,
temperature, flow rate etc. of the fluid.
Here are some of the pipe supporting arrangements.
There can be numerous variants. All depend on
piping designer’s preference and judgement.
PIPING FLEXIBILITY
All piping must be designed for thermal expansion under start up, operating
and shut down conditions without over stressing the piping, valves or
equipments. Adequate flexibility for the steam out conditions at temp of
120deg.c provisions for expansion or contraction shall normally be made
with bends, off-sets.
• DESIGN CONDITIONS:
• Operating conditions: - normal design conditions of pressure & temperature
are expected to co-exist. These usual operations include all manipulations &
control functions such as throttling, blowing, and bypassing.
• Temporary conditions: - these do not include more severe temporary
conditions such as those incidentals to start up, steam out or abnormal.
Pipe sizes are selected, pipe material and pipe wall thickness are selected.
 Types of Valves are planned
 Also the types of instruments required are planned
We represent the whole thing in a drawing which is called Piping and
Instrumentation Drawing, in short P&ID. For P&ID generation we use SPP&ID
software.
All the pipe lines system information in the drawing has to enter for P&ID .
So the SPP&ID drawing is an Intelligent drawing which under it’s surface carries all
the information about a pipe like, Pipe size, Flowing Fluid, etc.
This is screen picture of P&ID made by SPP&ID
If we click on any line it will show the Data embedded.
INSULATION
Insulation of piping & fitting is required for the following purpose:
• Heat conservation.
• Process stabilization to assist process control.
• Steam tracing.
• Steam jacketing.
• Fire hazard protection to prevent fast boil- off of liquid.
MATERIALS USED FOR
INSULATION:
• HOT INSULATION
• High quality & good appearance.
• Low chloride content.
• Chemically inert.
• Impervious to hot water & steam.
• Non corrosive to steel & aluminum.
• COLD INSULATION
• All material s used for insulation, fixing, sealing, etc. shall be used as under:
• Operating temp range Insulation material
• -195 to +85 deg.c PUF or Polystyrene

• -195 to +120 deg.c PUF


• -30 to +120 deg.c PUF or polystyrene
• Other requirements for insulating materials remain same as for hot insulation.
Pipe Stress Analysis
 We need to check and confirm the pipe is not going to fail with these loading.
 This process of checking the stress developed in the piping due to various
loading is called Pipe Stress Analysis/Flexibility analysis.

 In the process of Analysis we apply various postulated loading on the pipe and
find out the stress resulted from these loading.
 Then we check with governing codes if those stresses generated are
acceptable or not.
 We check support load & movement for various loading condition.
 We also check out the terminal point loading generated from pipe to the
equipment connected to the pipe. This loading are to be within acceptable
limits of the equipment suggested by the vendors.
 We also find out the pipe growth due to change in temperature and need to
keep the movement of pipe within acceptable limits.
 Pipe Stress Analysis is an Interactive and Iterative process. Each step is
checked
 If a check fails we have to go back, modify the layout and restart the analysis.
PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS
Inputs Tools we use
 Geometric layout of Pipe  PIPSYS - is an integrated pipe stress
analysis module of PLADES 2000

 Pipe supporting configuration


 CEASER - Commercial Piping analysis
software
 Pipe Diameter and Thickness
Outputs
 Pressure inside Pipe  Stress of the pipe at various loading
conditions
 Load at various supports and restrains.
 Cold and Hot temperatures of Pipe
 Movement of pipe at support locations
 Pipe terminal point loading.
 Weight of Pipe and insulation
Codes and Standards
 Weight of carrying Fluid  In general Power Plant Piping have to
comply stipulations of ASME ANSI B31.1

 Pipe material Property (Young’s Modulus,


Thermal Expansion Coefficient)
THANK YOU

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