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9 Data Analysis BB

The document outlines the processes involved in data processing and analysis, including editing, coding, classification, and tabulation of data. It describes various methods of data analysis, such as qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods, along with the steps of univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of interpreting data to derive meaningful insights from research findings.

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5 views18 pages

9 Data Analysis BB

The document outlines the processes involved in data processing and analysis, including editing, coding, classification, and tabulation of data. It describes various methods of data analysis, such as qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods, along with the steps of univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of interpreting data to derive meaningful insights from research findings.

Uploaded by

abenezerdawit2232
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Processing and Analysis

Data Processing

Data processing implies:


 editing,
 coding,
 classification and
 tabulation of collected data so that they are ready
to analysis

2
Data Editing
• Editing involves a careful inspection of the completed
questionnaires and/or schedule.

• Editing is done to assure that the data are accurate,


consistent with other facts gathered,

3
Coding

 Coding refers to the process of assigning numerals or


other symbols to answers so that responses can be put
into a limited number of categories or classes.

4
Data Classification

 Data having a common characteristic are placed in


one class and in this way the entire data get divided
into a number of related groups or classes.

5
Tabulation of the Data
.
• In a broader sense, tabulation is an orderly
arrangement of data in columns and rows.

6
Data entry
Data entry can be made by:
– By hand ( manual or tally method) or
– By computer
–Excel (spreadsheet)
–SPSS (statistical software)
–There are also other soft wares
– EPI Data
– SAS
– SISTAS etc.
7
Data Analysis
Data Analysis

• Data Analysis is the process of systematically applying


statistical and/or logical techniques to describe and
illustrate, condense ,review, and evaluate data.

8
Data Analysis

Collected data can be analyzed in either of the three


ways of analysis based on the nature of the study and
the data character:

Qualitative method of analysis

Quantitative method of analysis

Mixed

9
1. Qualitative method of analysis

Qualitative analysis is the organization and interpretation of non-


numeric data for the purpose of discovering meaning and
important underlying dimensions and patterns of relationships.

 Textual data, Narratives, logs, experiences of


 Focus groups
 Interviews

 Open-ended survey items

 Observations

 Diaries and journals

 Notes from observations


Photographs
10
 Video recordings etc.
2. Quantitative method of analysis

 Quantitative Data is Presented in a numerical


format and Collected in a standardized
manner and analyzed using statistical
techniques.

11
Quantitative method……..
• The two main ways of presenting data are by
using tables and charts or graphs.

12
The important statistical measures

1. Measures of central tendency or statistical


averages;
to measure Arithmetic mean we can use the arithmetic
average or mean, median , mode, Geometric mean and
harmonic mean .
2. Measures of dispersion;
 Tomeasures of dispersion, we can use variance, and its
square root—the standard deviation .
3. Measures of relationship;
 To measure relationships we can use Karl Pearson’s
coefficient of correlation, Multiple corrélation
coefficient, partial corrélation coefficient, régression
analysis, etc., ( correlation, regression )
13
Three Steps of Data Analysis

1. Univariate analysis

2. Bivariate analysis

3. Multivariate analysis

14
1. Univariate Analysis

 Univariate analysis is the process of describing


the sample by examining and summarizing the
distribution of each individual variable.

 Can be used for all variables,

15
2. Bivariate Analysis

 Bivariate Analysis (second step)

 Describes the association between two variables

 Answers the question: Is there a relationship between these


two variables?

 Initial step in hypothesis testing

 It provides Strength, Direction, and Significance of the


relationship
16
3. Multivariate Analysis
3rd Step in data analysis
 Multivariate analysis is the process of
examining the effects of two or more
independent variable on the dependent
variable simultaneously
 Multivariate analysis allows us to:
Control for alternative effects and thus
assess the extent of spuriousness
(confounding and mediate effect)
Conducts definitive test of your hypotheses
17
Interpreting data
• Interpretation refers to the task of drawing inferences
from the collected facts after an analytical and/or
experimental study.

• It is a search for broader meaning of research findings.

• Once we have transformed data into information by


summarizing them with tables, graphs, or narrative,
we need to interpret the data. That is, we need to
consider the relevance of the findings to our study –
the potential reasons for the findings – and possible
next steps.
18

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