American International University

Bangladesh

Faculty of Engineering

Course: Data Communication

section:A
Group: 07

course Instructor: MD. Alomgir Kabir

Simulation of ASK
Modulation and
Frequency Division
Multiplexing (FDM)
using MATLAB

Group -
07
Group Members:
Abdullah Rahman Irfan 22-46877-1

Maharin Binta Kibria 22-49593-3

Mayesha Nowshin Mim 22-46111-1

Sheun Ahmed 22-47468-2

Md.Rifatun Nobi Rifat 22-47527-2

 Purpose

•Simulate ASK and FDM techniques using MATLAB.

•Modulate two digital signals using different carrier
frequencies.
•Transmit both signals over a single communication
channel.
•Recover original signals through demodulation and bit
detection.
•Analyze performance and practical implications of ASK
and FDM.
 Theory
•ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying): A digital
modulation technique where the amplitude of
a carrier signal is varied based on binary data
— e.g., sending '1' with high amplitude and
'0' with zero or low amplitude.

•FDM (Frequency Division Multiplexing): Figure X:Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) Modulation
A technique where multiple signals are Process
transmitted simultaneously over different
frequency bands — e.g., radio stations
broadcasting on separate frequencies like
88.1 MHz, 90.5 MHz, etc.
Figure Y: Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)
System Overview
🔧 Procedure

• Bit duration : 1s

• Input message1: “L”

• Input message2: “P”

• Signal frequences:- f1 = 2 Hz, f2 = 4Hz (ASK)

• Add signals to form a composite FDM signal

• Use bandpass filters to separate signals

• Apply thresholding to recover bits

• Plot results in MATLAB

1. Initialization 2. Generating Digital signal

Purpose: Set up simulation

parameters including sampling Purpose: Convert the
rate, time vector, carrier text into binary bit
frequencies, and binary bits. stream to move on the
ASk
clc; % Generate digital signal % Generate digital signal
clear; for x1 for x2
close all; bit1 = []; bit2 = [];
% Parameters for n = 1:length(x1) for n = 1:length(x2)
bp = 1; % Bit duration (s) if x1(n) == 1 if x2(n) == 1
fs = 100; % Sampling frequency se = 5 * ones(1, fs); se = 5 * ones(1, fs);
(Hz) else else
f1 = 2; % Carrier frequency for x1 se = zeros(1, fs); se = zeros(1, fs);
f2 = 4; % Carrier frequency for x2 end end
% Convert characters 'L' and 'P' to bit1 = [bit1 se]; bit2 = [bit2 se];
binary end end
char1 = 'L'; % Source 1 t1 = t2 =
char2 = 'P'; % Source 2 bp/fs:bp/fs:bp*length(x1); bp/fs:bp/fs:bp*length(x2);
 ask_x1 = [];
ask_x2 = [];
t = 0:1/fs:bp-1/fs; % One bit time
for n = 1:length(x1)
if x1(n) == 1
modulated = 5 * sin(2 * pi * f1 * t);
3. ASK Modulation else
modulated = zeros(1, length(t));
Purpose: Apply end
Amplitude Shift Keying ask_x1 = [ask_x1 modulated];
(ASK) separately to X1
and X2 using different if x2(n) == 1
carrier frequencies. modulated = 5 * sin(2 * pi * f2 * t);
else
modulated = zeros(1, length(t));
end
ask_x2 = [ask_x2 modulated];
end

composite_signal = ask_x1 + ask_x2;

time = 0:1/fs:(length(x1)*bp)-1/fs;
 4. ASK Demodulation

For X1, For X2,

% ASK Demodulation for x1

% ASK Demodulation for x2
recovered_x1 = [];
recovered_x2 = [];
carrier1 = 5 * sin(2 * pi * f1 * t);
carrier2 = 5 * sin(2 * pi * f2 * t);
for i = 1:length(x1)
for i = 1:length(x2)
segment = composite_signal((i-
segment = composite_signal((i-1)*fs+1:i*fs)
1)*fs+1:i*fs) .* carrier1;
.* carrier2;
avg_power = sum(segment) /
avg_power = sum(segment) /
length(segment);
length(segment);
if avg_power > 2.5
if avg_power > 2.5
recovered_x1 = [recovered_x1 1];
recovered_x2 = [recovered_x2 1];
else
else
recovered_x1 = [recovered_x1 0];
recovered_x2 = [recovered_x2 0];
end
end
end
end
 % Recovered digital signals as continuous
wave
rec_bit1 = [];
rec_bit2 = [];
5. Bit Recovery for n = 1:length(recovered_x1)
if recovered_x1(n) == 1
se = 5 * ones(1, fs);
Purpose: To extract binary else
data bits by analyzing se = zeros(1, fs);
segments of the demodulated end
ASK signal and deciding bit rec_bit1 = [rec_bit1 se];
values based on signal
amplitude thresholds. if recovered_x2(n) == 1
se = 5 * ones(1, fs);
else
se = zeros(1, fs);
end
rec_bit2 = [rec_bit2 se];
end
Result
 subplot(7, 1, 1);
plot(t1, bit1, 'LineWidth', 2.5); grid on;
axis([0 bp*length(x1) 0 5]);
ylabel('Amplitude (V)');
xlabel('Time (sec)');
title('Source 1 (L): Transmitting Digital Signal');

subplot(7, 1, 2);
plot(t2, bit2, 'LineWidth', 2.5); grid on;
axis([0 bp*length(x2) 0 5]);
ylabel('Amplitude (V)');
xlabel('Time (sec)');
title('Source 2 (P): Transmitting Digital Signal');
 subplot(7, 1, 3);
plot(time, ask_x1, 'LineWidth', 2); grid on;
ylabel('Amplitude (V)');
xlabel('Time (sec)');
title('ASK Modulated Signal for Source 1');

subplot(7, 1, 4);
plot(time, ask_x2, 'LineWidth', 2); grid on;
ylabel('Amplitude (V)');
xlabel('Time (sec)');
title('ASK Modulated Signal for Source 2');
subplot(7, 1, 5);
plot(time, composite_signal, 'LineWidth', 2); grid on;
xlabel('Time (sec)');
ylabel('Amplitude (V)');
title('Composite Signal (FDM)');

subplot(7, 1, 6);
plot(t1, rec_bit1, 'LineWidth', 2.5); grid on;
axis([0 bp*length(recovered_x1) 0 5]);
ylabel('Amplitude (V)');
xlabel('Time (sec)');
title('Recovered Digital Signal for Source 1');
subplot(7, 1, 7);
plot(t2, rec_bit2, 'LineWidth', 2.5); grid on;
axis([0 bp*length(recovered_x2) 0 5]);
ylabel('Amplitude (V)');
xlabel('Time (sec)');
title('Recovered Digital Signal for Source 2');
Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) & Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM): Impacts

Social Impact:
Improved Communication Systems
 ASK & FDM are key to modern data
transmission.
 FDM enables multiple signals on shared media.

Global Connectivity
• Enables seamless international communication.
• Facilitates cultural exchange & collaboration.

Accessibility and Inclusivity

• ASK is low-cost → suitable for developing
regions.
• FDM supports simultaneous broadcasting
(news, alerts).
Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) & Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM): Impacts

Health & safety Impact:

Minimizing Electromagnetic Exposure
• EM wave transmission involved in ASK/FDM.
• Safety standards (FCC, ICNIRP) reduce health risks.

Safety-Critical Systems
Used in:
1. Aviation
2. Maritime communication
3. Public transport systems

Energy Efficiency
• ASK is power-efficient (used in IoT, remotes)
• FDM reduces infrastructure needs → lower emissions

Wearable & Medical Devices

• ASK in low-power devices (pacemakers, health monitors)
• FDM supports telemedicine & remote health monitoring
Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) & Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM): Impacts

Cultural Impact:
Mental Well-being
• Reliable connectivity reduces stress
during isolation.
Health Education
Used in public health campaigns via:
1. Radio
2. Television
3. Mobile networks

Digital Overuse Challenges

• Overexposure → fatigue, sleep
disturbances
• Encourage balanced device use
Discussion & Conclusions
 Demonstrated the full digital communication
cycle using ASK and FDM.
 Successfully multiplexed two binary signals with
distinct carrier frequencies.
 Recovered signals using bandpass filtering,
validating FDM in a controlled setup.
 Implementation was straightforward and visually
intuitive.
 Real-world deployment would require
synchronization and noise reduction.
 ASK showed vulnerability to signal degradation
and noise.
 Key challenges included:
 Choosing an accurate threshold for
demodulation.
 Ensuring proper signal alignment during
processing.
 Overall, the experiment built a solid foundation
for understanding digital communication
References:
• B. P. Lathi, "Modern Digital and Analog
Communication Systems," Oxford
University Press, 2019.
• S. Haykin, "Communication Systems,"
5th Edition, Wiley, 2020.
Thank You