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Female Genital Mutilation

The document discusses female genital mutilation (FGM), a practice affecting an estimated 230 million girls and women worldwide, often justified by cultural and religious beliefs despite being a recognized human rights violation. It outlines the prevalence of FGM, particularly in Nigeria, its various types, and the severe physical and psychological complications it can cause. The document emphasizes the need for prevention strategies involving community and organizational support to combat this harmful practice.

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6 views14 pages

Female Genital Mutilation

The document discusses female genital mutilation (FGM), a practice affecting an estimated 230 million girls and women worldwide, often justified by cultural and religious beliefs despite being a recognized human rights violation. It outlines the prevalence of FGM, particularly in Nigeria, its various types, and the severe physical and psychological complications it can cause. The document emphasizes the need for prevention strategies involving community and organizational support to combat this harmful practice.

Uploaded by

jawadsalisusani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FEMALE GENITAL

MUTILATION
DR. ZARO BOYSUNGNI
M.B.B.S, FWACS
CONSULTANT OBS AND GYN RSFUTH, DUTSE JIGAWA STATE
OUTLINE
• INTRODUCTION
• PREVALENCE
• DEFINITION
• TYPES OF FGM
• COMPLICATIONS
• PREVENTION
• CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION

• An estimated 230 million girls and women worldwide


have undergone some form of female genital mutilation
(FGM) – many before the age of 15. Despite being
internationally recognized as a human rights violation,
FGM persists for various reasons. No matter where or
how it is performed, FGM causes extreme physical and
psychological harm
HOW COMMON IS FGM?

The exact number of FGM worldwide remains unknown, at least 230

million girls and women from 31 countries across three continents have

been subjected to the practice.

Although FGM is declining in the majority of countries where it is most

prevalent, . In some countries, FGM remains as common today as it was

three decades ago. Over 90 per cent of women and girls aged 15 – 49

have undergone some form of genital mutilation in Guinea and Somalia.


PREVALENCE IN NIGERIA
• National prevalence is 41% amongst adult women
• South south 77%
• South east 68%
• South west 65%
• Smaller scale in the north by TC Okeke et al
WHY IS IT PRACTICED
• Some societies see it as a rite of passage. Others use it to suppress a
girl’s sexuality or ensure her chastity. FGM is not endorsed by Islam or
Christianity, but religious texts are commonly deployed to justify it.
• Where FGM is most prevalent, communities may deem it a
prerequisite for marriage or inheritance. This makes it difficult for
parents to abandon the practice.
• Families who don’t participate face ostracism, their daughters at risk
of becoming ineligible for marriage.
DEFINITION

• Female genital mutilation (FGM) refers to all procedures


involving partial or total removal of the female external genitalia
or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical
reasons. It is most often carried out on young girls between
infancy and age 15. In every form in which it is practiced, FGM is
a violation of girls’ and women’s fundamental human rights,
including their rights to health, security and dignity.
TYPES OF FGM
• Type 1: This is the partial or total removal of the clitoral
glans (the external and visible part of the clitoris, which is a
sensitive part of the female genitals), and/or the
prepuce/clitoral hood (the fold of skin surrounding the
clitoral glans).
• Type 2: This is the partial or total removal of the clitoral
glans and the labia minora (the inner folds of the vulva),
with or without removal of the labia majora (the outer folds
of skin of the vulva).
TYPES OF FGM
• Type 3: Also known as infibulation, this is the narrowing of
the vaginal opening through the creation of a covering seal.
The seal is formed by cutting and repositioning the labia
minora, or labia majora, sometimes through stitching, with
or without removal of the clitoral prepuce/clitoral hood and
glans.
• Type 4: This includes all other harmful procedures to the
female genitalia for non-medical purposes, e.g., pricking,
piercing, incising, scraping and cauterizing the genital area.
COMPLICATIONS OF FGM
• FGM has no health benefits and can lead to serious,
long-term complications and even death.

• Immediate health risks include haemorrhage, shock,


infection, HIV transmission, urine retention and severe
pain.

• Psychological impacts can range from a girl losing


trust in her caregivers, to longer-term feelings of
anxiety and depression.
COMPLICATIONS
CONTINUED
• Infertility
• Gynaetresia
• Dyspereunia
• complications during childbirth
• Postpartum haemorrhage
• Stillbirth and early neonatal death.
PREVENTION

• Cooperate organizations involvement

• Traditional leaders

• Religious leaders

• Women empowerment

• Non governmental organizations involvement like WHO, UNICEF


CONCLUSION

• FGM is a dehumanizing condition that has no health benefits. Its is

associated with serious psycological and medical complication on the

life of a young woman. It is a form of gender base violence against

women
Thank
You
For Your
Audience

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