POKHARA UNIVERSITY

MADAN BHANDARI SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
URLABARI-03, MORANG

PRESENTATION
ON
‘LITERATURE REVIEW OF SCHOOL
DESIGN’
SUBMITTED TO:
PREPARED BY: ASST. PROF. BHUMIKA SHRESTHA
GROUP- AR. AMAN RAJ MAJHI
Aditya gautam AR. SABITA GURAGAIN
Benuja bista
Dirga b.k DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
Kaushal subedi 1 May . 2024
Srahja ojjha
 Introduction of school
• A school is both the educational institution and building designed to provide learning
spaces and learning environments for the teaching of students under the direction of teachers.
Most countries have systems of formal education, which is sometimes compulsory.

 In these systems, students progress through a series of schools that can be built and operated by
both government and private organization.
School are places where student spend a large part of their day, thus creating a pleasant and
engaging environment in important for fostering student learning and development.
where innovative design meets educational excellence. Our school is not just a building; it's a
thoughtfully crafted space that inspires learning and creativity at every turn.

• The main purpose of school is to

provide for the fullest possible
development of each learner for living
morally, creatively and productively in a
democratic society.

• Need and importance

• School, the best place for versatility
• Suitable environment for progress and
development
• Helpful in maintaining the continuity of the
society
• Helpful in fulfilling the needs
• Helpful in the huge cultural spaces.

MADAN BHANDARI MEMORIAL SCHOOL PROJECT TITLE : LITERATURE OF SCHOOL OF DESIGN GROUP- SHEET NO.:
OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SUBJECT: DESIGN STUDIO-IV DATE:
 History of school
Ancient Egypt:-
Ancient Egypt had the first schools around 3000 to 500 BC. But back then, learning
was quite different from today. Instead of classrooms, they often gathered in open
fields that looked more like outdoor meetings or events. It was a simpler way of
learning compared to what we have now.

Ancient China
The oldest school in China was founded during the Han Dynasty around 143-141 BC
by a governor named Wen Wang. It was called Chengdu Shishi, meaning "Stone
House," because it was made of rocks. Even though it got damaged by fire, it was
rebuilt during the Ming Dynasty in 194 AD.
Formal education probably started during the Zhou Dynasty, around 770-256 BC.
Confucius, Mensius, and Laotzu were some of the earliest teachers in Ancient China.

Ancient India
In ancient India, schools were established around 1200 BC. They taught
subjects like the Vedas (sacred texts), sciences, grammar, and philosophy.
This showed that other countries were also advancing in education, following
the example set by ancient Egypt.
Ancient greek
In Ancient Greece, around 400 BC, the Sophists started teaching in Athens.
Socrates, who lived around the same time, believed that true knowledge was
inside everyone and could be brought out through questioning.
Following Socrates, Plato opened the Academy in 387 BC, and Aristotle
started the Lyceum 52 years later. Isocrates developed methods to train
public speakers for government roles

MADAN BHANDARI MEMORIAL SCHOOL PROJECT TITLE : LITERATURE OF SCHOOL OF DESIGN GROUP- SHEET NO.:
OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SUBJECT: DESIGN STUDIO-IV DATE:
•.

History of school
• 4th and 5th C
•Limited access: Only wealthy or •6th-15th C: Religious
religious elite sent their children. education for elites in
•Classics focus: Learning Greek, monasteries & cathedrals.
Roman literature, & rhetoric. Rise of universities in
•Small groups: Master taught a Europe.
handful of students at home.
•Memorization: Lots of drilling and
reciting facts.

•19th C: Industrial Revolution

•16th-18th C: Public education grows demands skilled workers.
(Protestant countries). Focus on Public education expands
literacy and basic job skills. Academies globally. Focus on STEM
& boarding schools emerge. education.

•21st C: Focus on 21st-century

skills: critical thinking, problem-
•20th C: Compulsory education laws
solving, collaboration,
increase. Secondary education communication. Technology
becomes more common. Progressive integrated into classrooms.
education emphasizes student- Emphasis on global citizenship
centered learning. Technology impacts and environmental education.
teaching methods. Rise of online and blended
learning models

MADAN BHANDARI MEMORIAL SCHOOL PROJECT TITLE : LITERATURE OF SCHOOL OF DESIGN GROUP- SHEET NO.:
OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SUBJECT: DESIGN STUDIO-IV DATE:
 History of school in Nepal context

Early education: Traditional Gurukul system where students

lived with teachers for holistic education.

1853: Establishment of first modern school, Durbar High

School, under Rana rule, focusing on elite education.

1950s: Expansion of education with the overthrow of the

Rana regime and the introduction of modern education
systems.

1971: National Education Planning Commission formed to

revamp education system.

1990: Multi-Party Democracy led to educational reforms,

including decentralization and emphasis on access to
education.

21st century: Focus on improving quality, equity, and access

to education, with efforts to address challenges such as
infrastructure, teacher training, and curriculum
development.

MADAN BHANDARI MEMORIAL SCHOOL PROJECT TITLE : LITERATURE OF SCHOOL OF DESIGN GROUP- SHEET NO.:
OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SUBJECT: DESIGN STUDIO-IV DATE:
 Objectives of school design
Significance of this project
• Designing an eco-friendly and
sustainable project.
•Happy & Focused Students: Natural light,
• Designing the project based on building plants, comfy furniture = Better learning!
By-laws.
•School Community: Open spaces, student
• Do you study the anthropometry layout work displays, nature connections = Feeling like
and space of school. you belong!
• To learn about the ways on how to
design spaces •Future Ready: Easy tech use, flexible spaces
for teamwork = Learning the skills they'll need!

Flexible classrooms (movable walls/furniture) =

Better learning!
Statement of problems
•Old buildings: Not flexible, bad light & sound = Trouble
learning!

•One-size-fits-all: Doesn't work for all students.

•No tech: Can't use technology for lessons.

•Disconnected from nature: Feels boring, not healthy.

•Focus on tests: Just memorizing, not thinking for yourself.

•No sense of community: Feels isolated, not friendly.

MADAN BHANDARI MEMORIAL SCHOOL PROJECT TITLE : LITERATURE OF SCHOOL OF DESIGN GROUP- SHEET NO.:
OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SUBJECT: DESIGN STUDIO-IV DATE:
Scope and limitation of school design

• Scope
• Excellent Learning: Flexible rooms, labs, and technology for all
kids.
•
Safe and healthy: Adheres to safety requirements, maintains
acceptable air quality,
• and allows for natural light.
•
Eco-Friendly: Conserves energy and water while teaching good
behaviors.
•
The Community Hub welcomes everyone to events and
gatherings.
limitation
• Money: A limited budget may require you to make choices about
features.
•
Design options may be limited by the size of the land and
existing features.
•
Rules: Building codes can limit creative ideas.
•
Happy Everyone: Balancing the needs of instructors,
parents, and the community.
•
Future Proof: Design should evolve to accommodate shifting
educational approaches.

MADAN BHANDARI MEMORIAL SCHOOL PROJECT TITLE : LITERATURE OF SCHOOL OF DESIGN GROUP- SHEET NO.:
OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SUBJECT: DESIGN STUDIO-IV DATE:
MADAN BHANDARI MEMORIAL SCHOOL PROJECT TITLE : LITERATURE OF SCHOOL OF DESIGN GROUP- SHEET NO.:
OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SUBJECT: DESIGN STUDIO-IV DATE:
 Types of school

•Public Schools: Most common, free, funded by

government.

•Charter Schools: Public schools with more freedom, may

have specific focus.

•Private Schools: Independent, charge tuition, smaller

classes, religious options.

•Boarding Schools: Private schools where students live

on campus.

•Vocational Schools: Train students for specific trades

(mechanics, cosmetology).

•Homeschooling: Parents teach their children at home

•.

•Magnet Schools: Public schools with specialized

programs (STEM, arts).

•Online Schools: Virtual learning with flexible schedules.

MADAN BHANDARI MEMORIAL SCHOOL PROJECT TITLE : LITERATURE OF SCHOOL OF DESIGN GROUP- SHEET NO.:
OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SUBJECT: DESIGN STUDIO-IV DATE:
 Current prevailing school types. Requirements

•Public Schools: School Requirements: Administration Unit

•Government-run, offering free or subsidized education.

•Follow national curriculum, primarily funded by government. • Serves as the main entrance to the school
•Community schools: Managed by local communities, may have
• Public lobby with waiting area and counter control
additional fees • Private offices for principal, staff
• Open office area for clerical staff
• Staff workroom for copying, storage
•Private Schools: • Public restrooms
•Offer diverse curricula including national and international • Mailboxes for staff and teachers
options.

•Funded through tuition fees.

•Range from affordable to elite with high admission standards.

Classrooms

•Specialized Schools: • Standard size: 960 square feet

•Focus on specific areas like music, science, or • Adaptable for various activities and future
vocational training.
technologies
• Sink, soap dispenser, paper towel dispenser
(elementary only)
•Language Medium: • Outdoor study areas (elementary only)
•Nepali Medium: Common in public schools. • Storage units
.•English Medium: Increasing popularity, especially in private • Located near library, cafeteria, gym
schools.

•Boarding Schools:
•Provide accommodation and education on
campus.

•Cater to students living far from schools or

seeking structured environment.

MADAN BHANDARI MEMORIAL SCHOOL PROJECT TITLE : LITERATURE OF SCHOOL OF DESIGN GROUP- SHEET NO.:
OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SUBJECT: DESIGN STUDIO-IV DATE:
 Component of school
 Schools have different areas to support learning activities
 Classrooms (600-1000 sq ft)
 Labs (800-1200 sq ft)
 Restrooms: size depends on how many people
use them, but must be accessible to everyone.  Art rooms (600-800 sq ft)

 Music rooms (500-800 sq ft)

 Cafeteria/Kitchen: size depends on the school
and how meals are served.  Special purpose rooms (auditorium, gym, multipurpose room)
• They also have areas for support and administration

 Lockers: standard size is around 12" x 18" x  Administration area (500-1000 sq ft)
72".
 Faculty offices (100-150 sq ft)

 Playgrounds and assembly areas: size  Counselor's office

depends on the school. • Other things to
consider:  Learning resource center

 Nurse's office (100-150 sq ft) • Essential facilities include:

 Parking lot: size depends on how many staff
and visitors there are (standard space is 9ft x  Room to grow: the school should have space to add new
18ft). things in the future

 Storage: size depends on what needs to be

stored (common sizes are 5ft x 5ft to 10ft x
30ft).

MADAN BHANDARI MEMORIAL SCHOOL PROJECT TITLE : LITERATURE OF SCHOOL OF DESIGN GROUP- SHEET NO.:
OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SUBJECT: DESIGN STUDIO-IV DATE:
 Site selection:- BY-LAWS
• Classroom size: Minimum floor area of 50 sq
Location: * Close to students (walking distance, public transport) *
meters (roughly 7.5 meters x 6.7 meters) for
Safe environment (low traffic, crime) * Integrated into the community (parks,
businesses) classrooms.
• . Earthquake safety: Buildings must withstand
• Size and Shape Matters: * Enough space for buildings, outdoor areas, future shaking.
growth Consider land shape for building design.
• Fire safety: Escape plans, alarms, and
• Groundwork: * Flat land with good drainage (avoid flooding) * compartmentation needed.
Stable soil for construction * Consider existing trees, buildings on the land •
• Accessibility: Ramps, elevators, accessible
• Utilities and Rules: * Access to water, electricity, sewage, internet *
restrooms required.
Easy access for emergency vehicles *
Zoned for school construction (follows building codes) •
• Bathrooms: wider doorways (min. 0.8m) and
• Thinking Green: * Minimal environmental impact * grab bars.
Site allows for sustainable features (natural light, solar)
• Occupancy limits: Max number of people in a
• Community Matters: * Get community input on the location space (e.g., classrooms: 40-50 students, min.
50 sq m floor area).

• Ventilation/lighting: Fresh air and appropriate

light levels required

MADAN BHANDARI MEMORIAL SCHOOL PROJECT TITLE : LITERATURE OF SCHOOL OF DESIGN GROUP- SHEET NO.:
OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SUBJECT: DESIGN STUDIO-IV DATE:
 School Design Guidelines

Classrooms:

Min. 50 sq m, flexible furniture, whiteboard/projector screens,

technology access.

Specialized spaces:
Science labs: Min. 80 sq m
Computer labs: Min. 60 sq m, individual workstations
Libraries: Min. 100 sq m, reading areas, book stacks
Art rooms: Min. 60 sq m, storage, wet activity areas
Music rooms: Min. 50 sq m, performance space, instrument
storage
Outdoor spaces:

Playfields (various sizes), assembly areas, gardens.

Sustainability:

Natural lighting, rainwater harvesting, energy-efficient appliances.

Accessibility:

Wider doors, Braille signage, lowered counters.

Additional regulations:

Local building by-laws (consider seismic zones, heritage)

Environmental impact assessment (larger projects)
MADAN BHANDARI MEMORIAL SCHOOL PROJECT TITLE : LITERATURE OF SCHOOL OF DESIGN GROUP- SHEET NO.:
OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SUBJECT: DESIGN STUDIO-IV DATE:
 VASTU SASTRA FOR SCHOOL DESIGN
Color:
• Plot:
•Classrooms: White, light yellow, light green, cream
Regular shape (rectangle, square) preferred
• Entrance: •Exterior: Maroon, light yellow, light green, cream

Other Rooms:
East, North-East, or North facing
• Building Construction •Lab: Southeast

•Staff room: Northwest with pantry

• Main construction in South, West, or South-West
• Ample space in East and North for positive energy •Toilets: Not in North, North-East, or East. Face South or North when using
• Classrooms:
•Canteen: Southeast facing
• Entrance in East
•Principal's office: South-West or South. Face North, North-East, or East while
• Blackboard in East working
• Students face East or North •Playground: East, North, or North-East facing
• Large windows on North or East •Reception: East, North, or North-East corner
• No beams above students
•Library: West. Students face North, East, or North-East.
• Teacher Placement:
•Bookshelves on South,
• Elevated table for better visibility and control
• Water: • West walls

•. Librarian in South-West corner

• Drinking water in East, North-East, or North
• Pools, fountains, etc. in same directions •Prayer hall: North-East
• Rooftop tank in South-West
•Accounts department: North or East

MADAN BHANDARI MEMORIAL SCHOOL PROJECT TITLE : LITERATURE OF SCHOOL OF DESIGN GROUP- SHEET NO.:
OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SUBJECT: DESIGN STUDIO-IV DATE:
 Lightning &Ventilation
lightning
• Reduced Eyestrain: Natural light
reduces eyestrain and fatigue
compared to artificial lighting.
• Improved Cognitive Function:
Natural light can enhance
memory, concentration, and
overall cognitive function in
students.
• Enhanced Mood and Well-being:
Natural light exposure regulates
circadian rhythms, promoting
better sleep and a more positive
mood.
Ventilation
• Improved Indoor Air Quality:
Proper ventilation removes stale
air and pollutants, reducing the
spread of airborne illnesses.
• Enhanced Cognitive Performance:
Good ventilation with adequate
airflow can improve cognitive
function and alertness.
• Thermal Comfort: Proper
ventilation helps maintain a
comfortable temperature in
classrooms, reducing heat stress
and improving focus.

MADAN BHANDARI MEMORIAL SCHOOL PROJECT TITLE : LITERATURE OF SCHOOL OF DESIGN GROUP- SHEET NO.:
OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SUBJECT: DESIGN STUDIO-IV DATE:
 Noise control
•Different noise sources require different solutions:
• Traffic & Trains: Distance helps, but add barriers or
soundproof windows.
• Bumps & Thumps: Carpets, springy furniture feet, good
floors reduce noise.
• Echoes in Halls: Sound-absorbing ceilings & walls stop them
bouncing around.
• Rainy Roof Noise: Damping, insulation & separate ceilings for
roofs help.
• Air Vents: Pick quiet vents that don't let noise in.
• Noise is a concern in schools due to potential disruption
of teaching and learning.

•Planning and layout:- are crucial for noise control.

This can involve:

• Zoning the building to separate noisy and quiet areas.

• Using barriers like hedges, buildings, or earth bunds to

block noise from outside.

MADAN BHANDARI MEMORIAL SCHOOL PROJECT TITLE : LITERATURE OF SCHOOL OF DESIGN GROUP- SHEET NO.:
OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SUBJECT: DESIGN STUDIO-IV DATE:
 Construction materials
•Bamboo: Fast-growing, •Wood: Readily available, strong,
renewable alternative to wood. decent insulation. Choose
Great for floors, cabinets, sustainably harvested wood.
roofing.

•Precast Concrete: Durable, good

•Rammed Earth: Excellent thermal mass, reduces waste
thermal storage, strong, during manufacturing. Locally
minimal embodied energy. sourced materials.
Made from compacted earth.

•Cork: Rapidly renewable, Glass

fire-resistant, shock- • Transparency
absorbent. Great for floors, • Absorb, reflect and refract light
soundproofing, subflooring. • Excellence insulator against heat

• Stone • Brick
• Stone schools: Super strong &
•Strong and long-lasting,
last forever!
• Stay cool in summer, warm in require less maintenance
winter (natural insulation). than wood.
• Fireproof for safety. •Fire resistant, enhances
school safet

MADAN BHANDARI MEMORIAL SCHOOL PROJECT TITLE : LITERATURE OF SCHOOL OF DESIGN GROUP- SHEET NO.:
OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SUBJECT: DESIGN STUDIO-IV DATE:
 Colour schemes
1.Color in schools: Psychology matters.

• Red: Stimulating; use cautiously in the classroom

(overstimulating).
•
Blue is calming and helps with concentrate (in classrooms as
well as libraries).

• Green: calming and creative (art rooms, communal areas).

•
Yellow represents cheerfulness and happiness (hallways,
entrances).
•
Orange represents playfulness and health (think playrooms and
gyms).
•
2. Child Psychology Tips:

Age: Younger = more excitement; older = calmer colors.

•
Task: Match colors to activities (reading vs. art projects).
•
Consider natural light (darker hues equal smaller space).

3. Bonus Tips:

Use a range of colors to create interest.

MADAN BHANDARI MEMORIAL SCHOOL PROJECT TITLE : LITERATURE OF SCHOOL OF DESIGN GROUP- SHEET NO.:
OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SUBJECT: DESIGN STUDIO-IV DATE:
 Safety Signage

1) Fire Safety: Bright signs 2) Emergency Procedures: Simple

with clear arrows showing icons & text for emergencies
escape routes. (earthquakes, lockdowns, medical).

3) Wet Floor: Placed in

restrooms, janitor closets, &
near water fountains

Specific Areas:
.
1) Playground: Rules & safe 2) Laboratory: Hazard
equipment use reminders at warnings & reminders of
entrance & near equipment. required safety gear.

General Tips:

Durable, weatherproof materials.

3) Bus: Reminders for safe
Height visible for all ages. bus riding displayed on bus &
at bus stops.
Universal symbols for wider understanding.

Regular inspections & replacements.

MADAN BHANDARI MEMORIAL SCHOOL PROJECT TITLE : LITERATURE OF SCHOOL OF DESIGN GROUP- SHEET NO.:
OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SUBJECT: DESIGN STUDIO-IV DATE:
 Access
 Ramps & Elevators:  Wide Walkways:
Accessible entrances for Easy movement
wheelchairs. for wheelchairs
and aids

 Lowered  Accessible
Workspaces: Tech: Screen
Accessible counters readers for
and sinks. various learning
needs.

 Visual Aids:
 Hearing Pictures,
Assistance: charts to
Devices to help support
students hear understanding.
clearly.

MADAN BHANDARI MEMORIAL SCHOOL PROJECT TITLE : LITERATURE OF SCHOOL OF DESIGN GROUP- SHEET NO.:
OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SUBJECT: DESIGN STUDIO-IV DATE:
 Circulation
School Circulation:
•Wide & Multi-Functional Halls:

•Breakout spaces for discussions, project

displays.

•Learning Stairs:

•Interactive spaces with seating, display

boards, or climbing structures.

•Open Floor Plans with Pods:

•Focused learning areas within a larger space

for flexibility.

•Natural Light & Connection: Courtyards,

atriums, or large windows for a refreshing feel.
•
•Fun & Informative Signage:

Colorful graphics, murals, or themed signs to

guide students.
MADAN BHANDARI MEMORIAL SCHOOL PROJECT TITLE : LITERATURE OF SCHOOL OF DESIGN GROUP- SHEET NO.:
OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SUBJECT: DESIGN STUDIO-IV DATE: