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b9 Spreadsheet

The document provides a comprehensive guide on using formulas and functions in MS Excel for efficient data analysis. It explains the difference between formulas and functions, how to access built-in functions, create complex formulas, copy formulas, and use cell references. Additionally, it addresses common formula errors and offers a project to apply the learned concepts.

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abasscaesar217
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7 views13 pages

b9 Spreadsheet

The document provides a comprehensive guide on using formulas and functions in MS Excel for efficient data analysis. It explains the difference between formulas and functions, how to access built-in functions, create complex formulas, copy formulas, and use cell references. Additionally, it addresses common formula errors and offers a project to apply the learned concepts.

Uploaded by

abasscaesar217
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MASTERING FORMULAS

AND FUNCTIONS IN MS
EXCEL
LEARN TO USE AND APPLY FORMULAS AND
FUNCTIONS FOR EFFICIENT DATA ANALYSIS
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
FORMULAS AND FUNCTIONS

• Formulas: Custom expressions created by users to


perform calculations (e.g., =A1+B1).

• Functions: Predefined formulas in Excel that simplify


complex calculations (e.g., =SUM(A1:A5)).

• Formulas can use functions, but functions are


specific tools built into Excel.
ACCESS BUILT-IN FUNCTIONS

To use built-in functions in Excel:

1. Click on the cell where you want the result.

2. Type the equal sign (=).

3. Enter the function name (e.g., SUM) and the


range in parentheses.

4. Press Enter to get the result.

Example: `=SUM(A1:A5)` adds the values from


COMMON SPREADSHEET
FUNCTIONS

• SUM: Adds numbers. `=SUM(A1:A5)`

• AVERAGE: Finds the mean. `=AVERAGE(A1:A5)`

• COUNT: Counts numbers. `=COUNT(A1:A5)`

• COUNTA: Counts non-empty cells.


`=COUNTA(A1:A5)`

• MAX: Finds the highest value. `=MAX(A1:A5)`

• MIN: Finds the lowest value. `=MIN(A1:A5)`


CREATING COMPLEX
FORMULAS

Examples of complex formulas:

• Percentage: `=(A1/B1)*100`

• Commission: `=Sales*CommissionRate`

• Simple Interest: `=Principal*Rate*Time`

You can combine multiple functions and


operations in one formula.
COPYING AND PASTING FORMULAS

Ways to copy formulas in Excel:

Method 1.

Copy (Ctrl+C) and Paste (Ctrl+V) to another cell.

Method 2.

Drag the Fill Handle (small square at cell corner) to


copy.

Method 3.
REFERENCING CELLS AND
RANGES

Types of cell ranges in Excel:

• Single Cell: `=A1`

• Range of Cells: `=SUM(A1:A5)`

• Multiple Ranges: `=SUM(A1:A5, B1:B5)`

• Entire Column/Row: `=SUM(A:A)` or


`=SUM(1:1)`
USING RELATIVE REFERENCES
IN FORMULAS

Cell Referencing in Excel refers to the way cells are


identified and used in formulas. It allows you to refer
to data stored in specific locations on a spreadsheet.

• Relative Reference: Changes when copied to


another cell (e.g., `=A1+B1`).

• Absolute Reference: Stays fixed when copied, using


`$` (e.g., `=$A$1+$B$1`). Use $ to lock the cells

• Mixed Reference: Partially fixed (e.g., `=A$1+B$1`).


CORRECTING COMMON FORMULA
ERRORS
Common formula errors and fixes:

1. #DIV/0! Division by Zero

Cause: Occurs when you try to divide a number by zero


or an empty cell.

Example

Formula: `=A1/B1`

If **A1 = 10 and B1 = 0 the result will be #DIV/0!

-Fix Make sure the denominator (B1) is not zero or blank.


CORRECTING COMMON FORMULA
ERRORS
Common formula errors and fixes:

2. #VALUE! Wrong Data Type

Cause: Happens when a formula uses the wrong type of


data, like trying to add text to a number.

Example*

Formula: `=A1 + B1`

If **A1 = 5** and **B1 = "apple"**, Excel will return


**#VALUE!**
CORRECTING COMMON FORMULA
ERRORS
3. #NAME? Misspelled Function Name
Cause This error appears if you type a function
name incorrectly or forget quotation marks
around text.
Example:
Formula: `=SUME(A1:A5)` (misspelling of SUM)
Excel will return #NAME?
Fix: Correct the spelling to `=SUM(A1:A5)`.
CORRECTING COMMON FORMULA
ERRORS
4. #REF! Invalid Cell Reference

Cause : This occurs when a formula refers to a cell that


has been deleted or moved.

Example :

Formula: `=A1+B1`

If you delete column B, the formula becomes


`=A1+#REF!`, showing #REF!

Fix: Update the formula to reference valid cells.


PROJECT: CREATING A SET OF
FORMULAS

Complete this project in Excel:


1. Calculate Simple Interest:
`=Principal*Rate*Time`

2. Use functions like SUM, AVERAGE, COUNT,


COUNTA, COUNTIF, MAX, MIN.
3. Apply relative and absolute references in
formulas.
4. Identify and correct any formula errors.

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