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Form 1 Chapter 2

Chapter 2 discusses prime numbers, defining them as natural numbers divisible only by 1 and themselves. It provides examples of identifying prime factors of various numbers and explains methods for prime factorization, including repeated division and factor trees. The chapter also covers common factors and includes exercises for identifying prime factors and common factors of given numbers.

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5 views25 pages

Form 1 Chapter 2

Chapter 2 discusses prime numbers, defining them as natural numbers divisible only by 1 and themselves. It provides examples of identifying prime factors of various numbers and explains methods for prime factorization, including repeated division and factor trees. The chapter also covers common factors and includes exercises for identifying prime factors and common factors of given numbers.

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g-32512938
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER 2

FACTORS
AND
MULTIPLES
FORM 1
What is meant
by prime
numbers?

Prime numbers are


natural numbers that are divisible by
only 1 and the number itself
Write down all the prime numbers between
10 and 30
Write down all the prime numbers between
10 and 30

Prime
numbers
between 10
and 30
30.3 is a prime number. Thus, 3 is a prime factor of
Example 1: Determine whether 3, 5 and 7 are prime factors of

30.
5 is a prime number. Thus, 5 is a prime factor of
30.

7 is a prime number but 30 cannot be divided


completely by 7. Thus, 7 is not a prime factor of 30
Example 2: Determine whether 3, 5 and 9 are prime
factors of 54

3 is a prime number. Thus, 3 is a prime factor of 54.

5 is a prime number but 54 cannot be divided


completely by 5. Thus, 5 is not a prime factor of 54.

9 is not a prime number. Thus, 9 is not a prime


factor of 54.
2. List all the prime factors of each of the following
numbers.
(a) 36 (b) 48

Factors of 36 are 1, 2, Factors of 48 are 1, 2,


3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24
36. and 48.
Thus, prime factors of Thus, prime factors of
2. List all the prime factors of each of the following
numbers. (cont.)
(c) 58 (d) 99
Prime
PrimeFactorisation
Factorization is finding which
prime numbers multiply together
to make the original number.
Example:
64 96

Method of repeated Method of drawing a


division factor tree.
(a)42 4
2 42 2
3 21 2
2 1
7 7
1 3 7
42 = 2 x 3 x 7 42 = 2 x 3 x 7
Method of repeated Method of drawing a factor
division tree.
b)64

64 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 64 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2
2
Method of repeated Method of drawing a
division factor tree.
c)96

96 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 96 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
Common factors can be defined as the
factors that are common to two or
more numbers.
a) b)
c)

Thus, 6 is a Thus, 8 is a Thus, 3 is not a


common factor common factor common factor of
of 12, 24 and of 8, 32 and 72. 12, 18 and 20.
42.
a) Factors of 12: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12
Factors of 30: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6,10, 15, 30
Thus, the common factors of 12 and 30 are 1, 2, 3 and
6.
b)Factors of 24: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8,12, 24
Factors of 48: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24,48
Thus, the common factors of 24 and 48 are 1, 2, 3, 4,
6, 8, 12 and 24.
c)Factors of 35: 1, 5, 7, 35
Factors of 105: 1, 3, 5, 7,15, 21, 35, 105
Thus, the common factors of 35 and 105 are 1, 5, 7 and 35
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